摘要:

This paper establishes that HLA antigens can be detected in serum by lymphocytotoxicity inhibition. A score system is described which enables the degree of cytotoxicity inhibition to be quantitated. The following HLA antigens have been detected: A1, A2, A3, A11, Aw24, B5, B7, B8, B27, Bw35 and B40. It has not been possible to detect HLA‐B1

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relative risk of B8/B15 heterozygotes for juvenile‐onset diabetes is higher than the risk for people having B8 or B15 alone. This has been cited as evidence for genetic heterogeneity in juvenile diabetes. However, the observed relative risks are compatible with a single susceptibility allele. If disease susceptibility is recessive, for example, then an individual with two disease associated antigens is more likely to be susceptible than an individual with only one associated antigen. The relative risk for an HLA heterozygote should be intermediate between that of the respective homozygotes, so that an interaction effect of two alleles can only be supported if the heterozygote risk is significantly greater than both homozygote risks. The estimated relative risks for B8 and B15 homozygotes, based on data from four different populations, is approximately equal to the risk for B8/B15 heterozygotes. Moreover, disease manifestations which are differentially associated with B8 and B15. such as antibody production to exogenous insulin, may be due to linkage disequilibrium between HLA and other loci which are not directly related to susceptibility of juvenile diabetes. Therefore, while the susceptibility to juvenile diabetes may have several genetic forms, there is no support for distinct B8‐associated and B15‐associated forms of susceptib

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Burkitt lymphoma (BL)‐derived, HLA‐DR antigen positive B cell line, EB1, is a consistently low stimulator in MLC. A rabbit antiserum raised against the strongly stimulating BL line DAUDI, after appropriate absorption with EB1, inhibits MLC stimulation by both B cell lines and allogeneic lymphocytes, whilst lectin‐induced proliferation is not significantly affected. Indirect immunofluorescence and125I‐staphylococcal protein A binding to cells pre‐incubated with this antiserum suggest that the antigen is present on both peripheral B and T cells, as well as on B lymphoblastoid and myeloma lines. We suggest that this antiserum is directed against lymphocyte activating determinant(s) (LADs) and that these are distinct from the serologically defined DR

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of different culture conditions in the primary and secondary cultures of the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique was investigated with special reference to the discriminatory capacity of the PLT‐cells generated. In the primary cultures, the maximal yield of PLT‐cells was observed early (about day 7) and decreased thereafter, while the maximal specificity was obtained considerably later (about day 14).In the secondary cultures, the optimal culture time was in the interval 42 h ‐72 h, and up to this culture length, γ‐irradiation (2,200–8,800 rad) of the secondary stimulators had no effect on the14C‐thymidine uptake of the cultures. In U‐form microtiterplates, the number of PLT‐cells per well should not be less than 2.5×104, and higher PLT‐cell numbers (e.g. 5.0×104per well) may confer further robustness upon the technique. The PLT‐cell response and the discrimination was only slightly influenced by the number of secondary stimulator cells in the interval 5×104to 2 × 105cells per well. Freezing of the PLT‐cells under controlled conditions resulted in a minor loss of viable eosin‐excluding cells, while the specificity of the PLT‐cells was unaffected.Even when the culture conditions are standardized, it is necessary to perform a normalization of the data in order to obtain reproducible results. The normalization procedure should include a compensation for the variation in (i) the general responding capacity of each PLT‐cell and in (ii) the general stimulatory capac

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have found that the antibody‐dependent call‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay is capable of detecting the alleles of the group‐5 antigenic system on peripheral blood lymphocytes. This finding should facilitate additional study of this system, as illustrated by the detection of grou?‐5 antigens on laukemic cells, indicating that they are not lost from the cell curface upon malignant transfo

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A large number of related chimpanzees were tested in mixed lymphocyte cultures against each other. Several similarities among the D locus products coded for by different ChLA haplotypes were observed. Six animals were found to be homozygous for D locus antigens and two of these animals carried the same D specificity. Hence, the available “typing cells” permitted the identification of five D locus antigens of the chimpanzee. So far, no linkage disequilibrium has been found between any of the D locus antigens and ChLA‐A or ‐B locus a

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 18 patients the expression of HLA‐A, B, C and ‐DR antigens on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes (PBTL and PBBL) was assessed using the lymphocytotoxic microtechnique before and during glucocorticoid administration. During steroid treatment we found a significant reduction in the reactivity of PBBL to allogeneic specific anti HLA‐DR antisera as well as a xenogeneic multispecific anti HLA‐DR antiserum, corresponding to approx. 1–2 dilution steps. In contrast, the reactivity of both PBBL and PBTL to allogeneic anti HLA‐A, B, C antisera and anti β2‐microglobulin was unaffected during the treatment.Membrane marker studies of the isolated PBBL and PBTL showed no differences in the relative distribution of mononuclear cell subpopulations before and during treatment, which seems to exclude extravascular redistribution of particular HLA‐DR positive lymphocyte or monocyte subsets during steroid administration as an explanation for the finding.Incubation of isolated normal PBBL with dexamethasone under various conditions did not affect the reactivity of these cells to anti HLA‐DR antisera. Furthermore, preliminary experiments gave no indication of decreased rate of HLA‐DR antigen synthesis in the presence of dexamethasonein vitro.Thus, we conclude that glucocorticoid administrationin vivodecreases the expression of HLA‐DR antigens on PBBL, possibly in an indirect way, the mechanism of

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied 50 Caucasoid children under 7 years of age withHaemophilus influenzaeb disease. Half of the patients (Group A) had invasive disease shown by positive blood and/or spinal fluid culture. The other half (Group B) had non‐invasive disease characterized by fever, nasopharyngitis, negative blood culture, and positive throat culture. Age, number of other siblings under 12 years old in the family, immune response, antibody production and genetic markers were compared in the two groups. Significant difference between the two groups was only seen in their genetic markers. HLA‐B12 was present in 52% of Group A patients as opposed to 16% in Group B patients (P<.01). HLA‐Bw40 was present in 24% of group B patients and absent in all Group A patients (P<.01). These findings would suggest that susceptibility and resistance towards developing invasive type b disease may be genetically deter

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

HLA phenotypes were studied in nine Jewish families, originating from Iran, with 18 individuals affected with a selective aldosterone biosynthetic defect and 12 healthy siblings. This disorder is inherited through an autosomal recessive gene and parents were consanguineously related in eight out of nine sibships.Family analysis showed that 18 affected individuals carried 20 different haplotypes and only two patients were homozygous for a haplotype. Yet a peak lod score of 1.128 was obtained for the recombinant fraction of 0.05 and thus linkage to HLA cannot be ruled out.

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Langerhans cells are dendritic cells located in the epidermis. Several techniques have been used previously to stain these cells in sheets of epidermis separated from dermis. The ATPase technique is most commonly used but has several significant defects, the most important being that it is inconstant and nonspecific. Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells are the only dendritic cells in the epidermis which have la antigens on their surface. We have adapted an indirect immunofluorescence method to stain this population of cells in epidermal sheets. The technique is sensitive, specific, and can be used to identify and quantify Langerhans cells in human or murine epidermal sheets.

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY