摘要:

Two different sets of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) experiments were performed using HLA‐D homozygous typing cells (HTC). In all stimulator‐responder combinations the median cpm's of four replicate cultures were reduced into double normalized values(DNV).In the first experimental set the responder panel was unselected, whereas the re‐ sponders for the second set were chosen on the basis of either sharing an HLA‐D determinant with the stimulator (ID) or not (non‐ID).The experiments were designed:Set 1: To estimate the technical variability in the DNV's and to observe the distribution of this variability. The standard deviation of an observation on a stimulator‐responder combination was approximately 24 DNV units. Thus, by running 6 experiments on each responder we would have a mean DNV with a standard error of 10 DNV units.Set 2: To determine whether stimulators typing for the same Dw specificity had the same distribution of DNV's and to investigate the variability between responders, between experiments and within experiments. Although the mean DNV is the same for all HTC's, the variability in observations was greater for some HTC's than for others. The variability may be completely technical for some HTC's, whereas for other HTC's there is evidence of responder variability and between experiment variability. Important implications of these results are: (1) that in using a single cut‐off value of 60 for all HTC to define typing responses one will have a very high misclassification rate for a large percentage of ID responders; (2) for some HTC this error rate can be reduced through repeating the experiment 4 times and raising the cut‐off point; (3) this error, together with the technical and/or experimental variance can be further reduced by using 2 or more HTC's of the same specificity in each experiment and by combining their data; (4) misclassification can be reduced in every situation by doing 4 experiments, using 2 HTC per responder and computing a cut‐off which gives a misclassification rate for each Dw type of 10% in ID's and in non‐ID's.Thus the best approach to achieving Dw locus typing with a desirable low rate of misclassification would be to do similar control studies of every HTC, to estimate technical experimental and responder variance and then use this information to determine a cut‐of value and the number of HTC's and experiments per responder required to keep the error rate at

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous report we described a human allo‐antiserum which showed MHC restricted dual specific inhibition of mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reactions (de Rooij et al. 1980). Responder cells were preincubated with the antiserum and washed. Inhibition of MLC reactions occurred if HLA‐B8 positive responder cells and HLA‐B7 or ‐B40 positive stimulator cells were used.The mechanism of inhibition by this antiserum was investigated and described in this report. The results strongly suggested that the observed inhibition was due to HLA‐B7 specific antibody molecules cross‐reacting with HLA‐B8 antigens. We decided on the following mechanism: HLA‐B7 specific antibody molecules bind to HLA‐B8 antigens on responder cells at 4°C. Bound antibody molecules are readily released at 37°C and then bind preferentially to HLA‐B7 or ‐B40 positive stimulator cells.Stimulator cells are then lysed by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), resulting in impaired MLC reaction. This conclusion was derived from the following observations:1. HL.A‐B7 positive cells could be lysed due to antibody molecules bound to B8 positive cells:a. Cells coated with antibody molecules lysed B7 or B40 positive target cells.b. Antibody molecules released from B8 positive cells lysed B7 or B40 positive target cells in ADCC.2. The active antibody molecules were HLA‐B7 specific:a. The inhibiting antibody molecules in the antiserum could be absorbed on and eluted from HLA‐B7 positive platelets (de Rooij et al. 1980).b. Antibody molecules bound to and released from HLA—B8 positive cells carried the same B7 specific inhibiting and cytotoxic activity as the original antiserum.3. The site of recognition on HLA‐B8 positive cells is the HLA‐B8 antigen:a. F(ab')2preparations from HLA‐B8 and ‐Bw6 specific antisera inhibited antibody binding to B8 positive cells.b. Antibody binding was not restricted to B, T, FcR+, FcR‐or non adherent cell subpopulations.4. The antibody molecules bind to B8 positive cells with the antigen binding site and not with the Fc part of the molecule:a. Antibody binding could be blocked partially with a F(ab')2preparation from the original antiserum but not with a Fc preparation.b. The antigen binding site of antibody molecules bound to HLA‐B8 positive cells was not freely available, since the MLC inhibiting activity of sensitised B8 positive cells could not be blocked by soluble HLA‐B7 antigens.c. The antiserum was cytotoxic for HLA‐B8 positive target cells in ADCC.The observed inhibition of MLC by antibody molecules with apparent dual specificity is thus the consequence of a shared or a similar antigenic det

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

325 HLA‐A, B and Bf haplotypes obtained from family studies were investigated. In addition, 216 of these were tested for HLA‐Cw2, Cw4, Cw5. Four different statistical methods were employed to study 2, 3 or 4 loci gametic associations in order to compare the results obtained by these different methods. Our results were then compared with those of other authors who employed similar methods. Piazza's method, used to identify gametic associations, was not able to show any 3 loci associations in our material. The Delta Standard Method employed in conjunction with Factorial Correspondence Analysis was found suitable for the study of chromosal prevalence in a populat

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BoLA w6 is one of 16 specificities agreed upon at the 2nd International BoLA Workshop and many laboratories have produced sera reacting with this specificity. This paper presents evidence for at least four sub‐groups in w6. Three Edinburgh sera showing identical reaction patterns in the 1st and 2nd BoLA workshops have been studied by absorption. One serum contained a single antibody population reacting with an epitope common to all w6 positive cells. The other two contained antibodies against the same common epitope, antibodies to epitopes on four subgroups and an antibody reacting only with one subgroup w6.1. Another Edinburgh serum contained two populations of antibodies. One reacting with the common epitope and one with an epitope on two or possibly three subgroups. Immunisation between w6 positive individuals produced antisera to two subgroups without producing antibodies to common epitopes. At least two additional subgroups are likely to exist. These results indicate the presence of specificities unique to individual subtypes coupled with epitopes common to some and all w6 subgroup

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A population study to test whether associations between HLA and sporadic ‐ i.e. non‐familial ‐ tuberculoid leprosy exist was undertaken in a hyperendemic area in India. Since previous family‐studies in the same area had shown both non‐random haplotype segregation in the family members affected with tuberculoid leprosy and the preferential segregation of HLA‐DR2 into tuberculoid leprosy patients, an increased frequency of DR2 among the “sporadic” patients was expected. However, no heterogeneity for HLA was detected between patients and controls. These findings could indicate that tuberculoid leprosy is a heterogeneous disease with regard to gen

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tissue sections of ethanol‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens from human kidney, placenta and umbilical cord were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with a rabbit antiserum to HLA‐DR antigens from B lymphocytes. Capillary walls in the kidney showed specific staining both in glomeruli and around tubuli. Conversely, HLA‐DR‐like antigens were not detected in the walls of larger vessels, in tubular cells, or in the epithelium of Bowman's capsule. HLA‐DR‐like antigens of kidney elements thus seemed to be restricted to capillary endothelial cells. In specimens from umbilical cord and placenta, HLA‐DR‐like antigens were not detected in the walls of capillaries or larger vessels. Isolated endothelial cells from the umbilical vein were

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb01383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY