摘要:

We have shown that the application of Piazza's formula for the estimation of the “three‐locus interaction delta” should not be used for that purpose. In addition, the method of Porta&McHugh, for the demonstration of haplotype interaction in associations between HLA and disease, leads to completely erroneous conclusions. Other methods of calculation that have been used to analyse haplotype interactions also appear to be based on erroneous concepts.We suggest that nothing more than the estimation of heterogeneity in simple 2x2 contingency tables should be used for the analysis of linkage disequilibria. This principle is applied to the HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C haplotype frequency tables of Baur&Danilovs. For the greater part of the HLA‐B alleles, three‐locus haplotype frequencies can be explained from the A, B and the B, C disequilibria, without any further haplotype interactions. The predominant exceptions in that respect are ha‐plotypes containing the B44 allele, which has been shown to contain two subgroups and therefore, we are not justified to conclude that this exceptional behaviour of haplotypes with B44 should be attributed to three‐locus hap

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies in 47 couples with primary recurrent abortions of unknown origin, in 65 fertile couples, and in a control panel of 98 males and 92 females. A significant increase of HLA‐B17 was found in abortion couples in comparison with fertile couples. No difference between abortion and control fertile couples was observed regarding HLA sharin

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an attempt to make our own set of DP typing reagents, we used lymphocytes from 12 unrelated donors, who were all HLA‐A1,2; B7,8; DR2,3; DQW1,2. They all had been previously typed for DP using a reference set of well established reagents obtained from Dr. S. Shaw (NIH, Bethesda). Thirty‐six promising re‐sponder‐stimulator combinations were primed in bulk MLC and tested for their specificity in secondary MLC. All reagents gave reaction patterns which were concordant with the sensitizing DP types, with the exception of those combinations where a donor was used in which DR2 appeared to be associated with a non‐DW2 HLA‐D type.Over 1,200 reactions obtained with the new reagents were compared with those obtained with the established ones, in six different experiments. High correlation coefficients (r values) were found between the two kinds of reagents. The typings of a panel of individuals with the reference set and with our new typing set revealed an excellent agreement for DP assignments with the two sets, with the exception of the specificity DP4. The DP gene frequencies for random Dutch Cau‐casoids

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the frequency of HLA‐DR2 and DQwl was performed in leprosy patients and controls in northern Thailand. HLA‐DR2 was found in 100% (17/17) of patients with sporadic tuberculoid leprosy and in over 90% (30/32) of all tuberculoid leprosy patients, as compared to 62% (20/32) of controls (p = .02). These strong associations had relative risks of 21.4 for sporadic and 7.4 for all tuberculoid leprosy, and etiologic fractions of 1.0 and 0.84, respectively. There was also a statistically significant and strong association between tuberculoid leprosy and DQwl. These data add to the growing body of evidence that products of HLA class II determinants or closely linked genes may play a role in determining the clinical manifestations of M. leprae infect

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A human influenza A virus‐specific cytotoxic Tlymphocyte (CTL) clone is described that is restricted by a class II HLA‐antigen. Of a large panel of B‐lympho‐blastoid cell lines (B‐LCL) as target cells the clone lysed only infected cells sharing HLA‐DR2 with the donor of the clone. In cold target inhibition studies only infected cells bearing HLA‐DR2 could inhibit cytotoxicity. Infected PHA‐blasts that express less DR‐antigen than B‐LCL cells were lysed to a much lesser extent though they could be infected equally well. Trypan blue staining and postlabelling of the target cells showed that the clone indeed killed the target cells. The clone did not proliferate in response to infected irradiated autologous LCL cells and had the OKT3+4+8−DR+phenotype. The possible significance of class II restri

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum immunoglobulins were measured in one hundred and eighty‐four healthy controls. One hundred and fifty‐nine of these were also HLA typed. IgG levels did not differ with sex or HLA‐B8 status. IgM levels did not differ with HLA‐B8 status but were significantly higher in females than males. IgA levels were lower in females than males; they were also lower in HLA‐B8 positive compared with HLA‐B8 negative individuals; the lowest IgA levels were found in HLA‐B8 positive females. The IgA variation may be relevant to the higher incidence of certain disorders among HLA‐B8 positive individuals an

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Naturally occurring antibodies against MHC polymorphic determinants were recently reported in humans, rats, chickens and mice (see Cerny‐Provaznik et al. 1985a). These antibodies are mostly weak and the frequency of their detection might be influenced by technical factors ‐ the kind of assay and its sensitiv

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The frequency of HLA‐DR5 was significantly increased in a large group of malignant melanoma patients (33.7% vs 20.5% for controls). The subgroup of patients with poor prognosis showed both a DR5 increase and a relative decrease in DR1. Although none of these differences was significant after correction for the number of antigens tested, similar findings have been made for other malignancies and further studies should be encourage

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1985.tb00972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY