摘要:

AbstractLord Blackett played a vital part in the development of O.R. as an identifiable discipline. He was also influential in promoting the early development of computers. I hope that he would have approved of current efforts to make computational O.R. easier to use. Some developments of the last decade are reviewed, with particular reference to optimization methodology. Comments are also made on current trends, and the relationship between simulation and analytical models.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.143

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper has two distinct parts. The first part reviews industrial applications of O.R. in developing countries in general and India in particular. Based on the analysis, the paper suggests concrete steps for further use of operational research in industry.The second part of the paper deals critically with the problems of industrialisation leading to a specific industrial structure in the economy of a developing country. Analysing various relevant criteria for industrialisation of developing economies the paper outlines a methodology suitable for modelling the problem. It then attempts to identify the prerequisites for successful use of O.R. in the multicriteria problem of industrialisation. The paper also discusses the role that national and international agencies can play in bringing about more meaningful applications of O.R. in developing economies.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.144

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study designed to evaluate the shipping and production scheduling procedures used by a large manufacturer of radiators for the transportation industry, and to recommend possible improvements. Evaluation of current and suggested scheduling procedures was based upon the three management goals of: (1) using production facilities efficiently, (2) controlling finished goods inventory levels while providing adequate delivery service, and (3) coordinating production schedules with shipping schedules so as to minimize materials handling time and corresponding costs.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the school situation in Odense, Denmark, in 1992. School children, according to a forecast for the various census districts of the city, are assigned to school facilities, existing and planned, by means of linear programming. The resulting solution gives an indication of where in the city there will be an excess or deficit of school capacity. This provides an easy way of evaluating alternative school system expansion plans. Sample results are given, and there is also a discussion of some implementation aspects of this case study.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper describes the development of a model of hospital inpatient costs. The model has three components; overhead, hotel and treatment costs. The size of each component is estimated using regression on historical hospital cost and activity data. It is argued that, for certain types of policy analysis, the model provides a better picture of hospital costs than do conventional accounting methods. The application of the model to a number of policy issues is described.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA range of models are used in an attempt to explain the variability of the annual production of olive-oil in Portugal and to relate this time-series to economic factors. The effects of these variations on the demand of other edible oils and on the required imports of oil seeds is analysed and an integrated model is proposed to assess the relative merit of alternative governmental decisions.The trade-off between the financial support given to the Portuguese production of olive-oil and the improvement of the National Balance of Payments is also discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.148

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe single facility multiple products scheduling problem is formulated into a multiperiod mathematical programming model with zero-one variables. An algorithm to solve the scheduling problem by using the concept of state vectors of dynamic programming is described. An example of application of the model and the algorithm is also presented. It has been found that a suitable selection of a state vector reduces greatly the dimensionality of the problem

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.149

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of safety stocks in fixed order quantity-reorder point inventory systems. A common confusion over the notion of a shortage probability is shown to lead to methods which encourage excessive safety stocks. An alternative approach, proposed by R. G. Brown, is validated under quite general demand conditions. When combined with a numerical example, it is shown that negative safety stocks may be the rational response to the problem of uncertain demands, even when high levels of service are required.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, a machine is considered that at any moment of time can be in one of a finite number of states. Transitions of the machine between states are governed by a stationary Markov chain. The sale value of the machine is a random variable depending on the state of the machine and on its age. In this case the optimal sale strategy is to sell the machine when its sale value exceeds some critical limit (which is a function of the state and age of the machine).It is shown that when uncertainty rises (or equivalently, when the dispersion of the sale value rises), the critical limits which determine the optimal sale policy also rise. It is also shown that the expected discounted proceeds from operating the machine rise when uncertainty increases. In the formulation, the sale date of the machine is a random variable which depends on the random sale value of the machine. Increased uncertainty can either increase or decrease the expected value of the sale date depending on the values of the parameters of the problem.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.151

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA new algorithm for solving quadratic assignment problems is presented. The algorithm, which employs a sequential search technique, constructs a matrix of lower bounds on the costs of locating facilities at different sites. It then improves the elements of this matrix, one by one, by solving a succession of linear assignment problems. After all the elements of the matrix are improved, a feasible assignment is obtained, which results in an improved value for the objective function of the quadratic assignment problem. The procedure is repeated until the desired accuracy in the objective function value is obtained.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.152

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor