ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.114

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.115

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn operational objective for services which contribute to the health of a community is defined and its value estimated from available data. It is shown that data on states of illness add little information to mortality statistics at the community level. This contrasts with evidence from earlier work of the value of data on states of illness for measurement of hospital output.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.116

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article argues that disaggregate behavioural travel models are not, as their authors claim, "behaviourally sound and policy relevant". They merely caricature behaviour and produce predictions in conflict with the available evidence. The article sets out to provide a description of household travel behaviour and asks how it can be realistically modelled. It suggests three ways of doing so, using models which are either pragmatic, mathematical, or interactive. The latter is developed in response to the query "if one cannot capture the individuals' decision-making process within a finite set of mathematical equations, then why not use the individual himself as a surrogate for this part of the model?" The article concludes that models of behaviour may have to become more human and less mathematical if they are to give realistic insights into the way in which individuals arrange their activities in time and space.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.117

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problems of costing, and pricing periodic demands for services, known as the peak load problem, has been widely studied, with relatively little success, largely within the framework of the marginal costing approach of micro-economics. The paper reports the application of a new method called Multiple-Service Costing, to the internal fixed cost allocation procedures within an airline. This new method of allocating the fixed costs of services, to the demands, is based on considering the interacting system of supply and demand as a whole. An illustrative example of the method applied to charging computer time is described. The actual use of the method in an airline, for the calculation of flight check-in charges is reported.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.118

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe reduction in bank float requires that cheque processing procedures be upgraded in order to reduce the elapsed time between the receipt of a cheque and its presentation for collection at the bank upon which it is drawn. Traditionally, attempts to reduce float have focussed on the procedures for receiving checks and processing steps in preparation for clearing. Although the transporting of cheques from receiving locations to the processing location would most likely be the most significant factor in the elapsed time between receipt and eventual presentation for clearance, the float implications has largely been ignored in the development of transportation schedules in commercial banks. In attempting to maximize cheques processed, the timing of branch pickups should be based upon branch volume available and proof and transit processing capacity as well as travel time considerations. A heuristic model described in this paper represents the first methodology providing the opportunity for simultaneously evaluating these variables to develop schedules which offer opportunities for improvements in bank funds flow.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.119

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe operational value of the mathematical models used in regional or urban planning is mainly dependent upon the possibility of adequate calibration so as to make them actually represent the social and economic problem under study. In this paper we give a formulation of the calibration problem for a singly constrained exponential model, use it to calibrate a specific model that is actually being used to plan the development of a large Italian town, and obtain results that improve by about 30% a standard currently used calibration procedure.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.120

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA common criteria function for the selection of decision variables in renewal reward processes is the leading term in the asymptotic expansion of the expected cost per unit time, namely the ratio of expected cost per cycle to expected cycle length. The general implications of refining this criteria function by adopting the first two terms in the asymptotic expansion as an objective function are discussed. An analysis for both an age based and a cumulative damage based renewal reward process is presented.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.121

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe general method of estimating the road mileage between points identified only by their co-ordinates is to proportionately inflate the straight-line distance between them. We present the traditional single-region model and extend this to a generalized multi-region format. The inflating parameters are derived and various statistical tests carried out to evaluate the models. It is shown that, on average, the multi-region approach gives better mileage estimates for all types of distribution analysis. For specific problems, which are discussed, the single-region model is shown to produce results which are unacceptable for the planning of distribution networks.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.122

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA firm's market changes under the impact of the firm's advertising. Feedback information on the market response allows the firm to learn about such changes and to adapt its subsequent media decisions accordingly. This paper presents an adaptive media model (ADAPT) that utilizes feedback information to revise certain parameters in a media decision model. Simulation experiments conducted with the ADAPT model demonstrate how different types of feedback information affect the media decisions and thereby the expected net profit contributions from sales. It is shown how the economic value of feedback information depends on the characteristics of the firm's market and also on the revision rules applied for updating the parameters. The value of the information may actually be negative if it is not used "intelligently".

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.123

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor