摘要:

AbstractAn alternative paradigm to that currently used in OR is proposed, one based on imbedding problem solving in planning. The operating principles and content required of an appropriate type of planning are presented, and the role and advantages of redesigning the system planned for are considered in some detail. Then the practice of OR is examined with suggestions made for fundamental changes in the relationship between servers and served, for returning to interdisciplinarity, and for involvement in the research of all those affected by it. A redesign of the role of professional societies is also proposed. Finally, a radical transformation of the way OR is taught and learned is described.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.41

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper, which was originally presented at the Second International Working Seminar of the University of Sussex in April 1978, gives an overview of Operational Research as applied to formal education in the United States. It first reviews past work in the field, much of which dates from the mid 1960's, when administrators first turned to O.R. for resolution of education's peculiar crisis situation. From this base, it develops a projection of an attainable state of the science and a proposal for its attainment.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.42

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA cost-benefit analysis was recently undertaken to assist the Australian Government in the selection of a site for a second Sydney Airport. In order to evaluate sites on a comparable basis, it was necessary to establish, for each possible site, the optimum sequence of developments at both the present airport and the second airport, and the split in the traffic between the two airports. This paper describes a dynamic programming scheduling model developed to carry out this optimisation process for each site.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.43

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAny organization or industry operating in a market where there is unmet demand will be under considerable pressure to meet the demand as quickly as possible. This short-term objective can be met by rapidly expanding productive capacity in terms of both plant or other equipment and also manpower. If the commodity in demand is durable—e.g. housing, cars, computers—then when the initial requirement is met, further output is for replacement purposes. Production during the expansion phase, planned to eliminate the backlog of demand may be much greater than that needed for the next phase, meeting recurrent replacement demand. If capacity is allowed to run down, a later increase in demand will possibly find the organization with too little capacity. There follows a potentially continuing cycle of under- and over-production. Since manpower comprises a significant part of the capacity, this creates a possible cycle of under- and over-employment.Mathematical models of manpower systems can be adapted to investigate the consequences of controlling recruitment policies over fairly long periods of time. If costs can be ascribed to both under- and over-production it is possible to combine the manpower models with mathematical programming techniques to produce optimal longterm recruitment policies.The possible development of the telephone network in the Republic of Ireland is used as an illustrative example. Here it has already been established by government operational research scientists that meeting the original target number of installations for the early 1980's would require impossibly large levels of recruitment immediately. Our model shows that, if the target were achieved, an intolerably large proportion of the workforce would be redundant in a few years time. We use a linear programming model to illustrate viable policies trading off present delays in satisfying demand against future overmanning.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.44

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractUsing Nicosia's formulation of consumer behaviour, optimal advertising strategies are derived. Other studies, using empirical data, have shown that advertising should be concentrated at the early part of the product life cycle and the paper discusses what assumptions about consumer behaviour must be made to obtain that results. Specifically, it is shown under what conditions pulsing advertising campaigns are optimal.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.45

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractVehicle routing techniques which have offered fascinating combinatorial problems to the academic operational research worker, become of real concern to practitioners of Operational Research as managements become increasingly aware of the need to control the rising costs of the physical distribution activity. The systematic construction of efficient vehicle route structures for local delivery operations provides an important tool for the control of costs in the short-term, for adapting the vehicle fleet size and composition in the medium-term, and even for the location of depots in the longer term.The bases of the many heuristic algorithms which have been proposed in the literature for the design of efficient vehicle route structures are critically appraised. The issues which arise when integrating such techniques into an operational setting are described in the light of the real needs of management. It is concluded that the design of "flexible fixed routes" is the real target which only a few of the many algorithms can approach.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.46

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractUnthinking inferences from the sampled autocorrelation structure, for realisations of certain nonstationary processes, can lead to misguided identifications and, possibly, misleading fits. Effective time-series modelling must include inspection of the raw data, and will often also depend on extraneous information available to the analyst.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.47

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMultiobjective programming methods would appear to offer a very attractive alternative to conventional single objective LP models for medium term financial planning. However, prior to implementation, many technical and procedural problems need to be solved. This paper presents in case study form some of these problems and discusses possible approaches to their solution.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.48

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWhen the probability of a negative unit contribution is non-negligible, desirable and undesirable data configurations may map into the same breakeven point. In the general case, the decision relevance of a breakeven point probability distribution is rather obscure. Assuming bivariate normality, with a "small" probability of a negative denominator, then an approximation procedure based on the Geary-Hinkley transformation is a convenient and powerful means of obtaining information about the breakeven point probability distribution. Hence, for practical purposes it may be unnecessary to resort to computer simulation or to numerical integration of the complex exact density function of the breakeven point.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.49

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.50

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor