ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.20

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn 1983, The Ministry of Health of the Dominican Republic (SESPAS) began planning an emergency medical service (E.M.S.) system for the capital city of Santo Domingo. This paper reports on one component of this effort, the development of options regarding the type of E.M.S. care to be delivered, by whom, via what number of types of equipment, sited at which locations. SESPAS has used the results to develop a plan for a public‘urgency care’system quite different from the uncoordinated mix of public, private and voluntary services operating previously. The system has been implemented according to plan with basic life support vehicles staffed by physicians.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.21

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA systems analytic approach, in which one tries systematically to examine a variety of considerations together rather than in parts, is essential whenever neglect of the interactions of the parts of the system might lead to erroneous conclusions. The O.R. attitude is even more important for developing countries, where the problems are many and solutions are much more severely constrained than in developed countries owing to resource limitation, scarcity of skills, inadequate technological and managerial infrastructure to support sophisticated solutions, and the variety of traditional and‘modern’attitudes prevailing in developing societies. To illustrate this, a number of applications carried out by the author in India, covering efficient resource allocation for economic planning, optimal use of resources, such as water and fertilizer, and the choice of techniques of power systems, as well as organizational problems of identification and introduction of appropriate technology in building construction and community bio-gas plants, are briefly described along with comments on the implementation of the results.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.22

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe Government of India (G.O.I.) controls the quantity of sugar released into the domestic market on a monthly basis. This forms a part of the package of public policies affecting the development of the Indian sugar industry, which includes protection from foreign competition, simultaneous existence of an open market for sugar and distribution of sugar at subsidized prices to consumers through the public distribution system (P.D.S.), minimum support prices for the farmers producing sugar-cane, and differential prices paid to sugar factories for the sugar taken over by G.O.I. for the P.D.S.Using a dynamic-programming approach, this paper describes a worst case analysis of the scope for the traders to exploit the consumers under the current policy of controls over releases into the domestic market. The results show the marginal importance of such controls in saving the consumers from the exploitation by traders. Secondly, on the basis of wider research done by the authors, it is concluded that the scope provided to the traders for the exploitation of consumers through the other policies of the package is of such a magnitude as to make the controls over the releases into the market a relatively insignificant policy intervention for protecting the consumers.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.23

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractHunger and malnutrition are persistent problems in many developing countries. Policies required to overcome these problems are difficult to identify, whereas the experience in planning policies in their broadest sense for this purpose is limited. In this paper, economy-wide models constructed for this purpose by the Centre for World Food Studies are described, with special emphasis on a model for Bangladesh. Its application is demonstrated in assessing alternative policies for two specific cases, i.e. the subsidization of synthetic fertilizers and food rationing. Other applications are briefly described. Construction of the models has involved the development of software to facilitate the execution and organization of the work and also problem-specific algorithms. Reference is made to these in the paper.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.24

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMost developing countries are severely constrained by the size of their foreign exchange reserve necessary for the purchase on the international market of certain key items to be employed in their industries, including the export sectors that are responsible for generating the foreign exchange in the first place. The scarcity of this foreign exchange creates enormous problems for these countries. To cope with this dilemma, certain countries resort to all kinds of gambles and approaches that may not be defensible. A rational basis for the allocation of this scarce resource is described in this article. It consists primarily of two components. The first part deals with an optimal strategy for the identification of key items through a criticality assignment routine. The second relates to the algorithm for allocating foreign exchange to a pool of critical items to maximize the returns from such an allocation. The case study is Guyana, a developing country in South America.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.25

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper gives a brief description of recent O.R. activity in China. It consists of four parts: mathematical programming; queueing theory and Markov decision processes; reliability theory; simulation. Emphasis is placed on the current situation of practical O.R.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.26

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper provides a description of the historical development and current status of management science in Taiwan. Since 1960, management science has gradually gained full acceptance in the academic realm, but has faltered in achieving adequate recognition from the industries. It is realized that academic acceptance without the benefit of cross-fertilization from business applications makes the rooting of this applied discipline superficial. The current status of management science in universities, private and state-owned industries, professional societies and consulting firms is portrayed from the economic, cultural and social standpoint. Factors that weaken the effective spread and causes that stifle the growth of management science are discussed. The future prospect of management science in Taiwan is bright. With most of the impediments dissipating, cultural bondage loosening, computerization and automation spreading, the demand for management science will be revitalized.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.27

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper reports the results of interviews with senior government administrators in Nigeria in which they were asked a range of questions about their own work and about the problems that are likely to be encountered in trying to introduce operational research into the government service. It is thus in contrast with most papers on O.R. in developing countries, which are written primarily from the viewpoint of practitioners. The administrators confirmed that there was a wide range of problems recognized as being suitable for the O.R. approach, and identified some of the barriers to the introduction of an effective O.R. service.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.28

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSome descriptions of O.R. work carried out in developing countries suggest that the modelling approaches and techniques used in the West are inappropriate when transferred to different cultural settings. The paper argues that this divide is less real than it may appear. It is based on an inadequate view of O.R. in the developed world and on the expectation that O.R. itself can change the world, irrespective of the client's needs and objectives.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.29

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor