摘要:

AbstractObservations of the use of cloakroom accommodation were made in a number of offices and the data collected was incorporated in a computer simulation model of the cloakroom situation. From the output of the model, revised scales of provision are proposed for sanitary accommodation in offices. Unlike the scales currently employed, these offer a consistent standard of service throughout their range.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.169

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the calculation of the total stocks which must be held in order to maintain a given service level when the assortment problem approach of dynamic programming is used to select the standard stock sizes. Approximate formulae are derived to calculate the safety and working stocks for any number of standard sizes, assuming that the value of the demand for each stock size is approximately equal. It is shown that even very large reductions in the number of stock lines do not produce correspondingly large reductions in stock levels.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.170

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractInsurance companies charge reduced premiums to motorists who go through a period of one or more years without making a claim. When an accident occurs the insured frequently finds himself with the option of either making a claim and reverting to a higher premium or paying for the repair himself. Most motorists operate an informal system of "no-claim limits", whereby they only claim for repairs which exceed a certain cost.In this paper it is shown how, under reasonable assumptions regarding the rate of accidents and the distribution of repair costs, optimal no-claim limits can be determined. These minimise the long run average cost of premiums and repairs and show significant savings over the case where all claims are made. The effect of an "excess clause", whereby the insured agrees to pay a first amount of any claim is also studied, and rules for determining whether it is profitable to accept such a clause are presented in the form of a graph.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.171

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of maintaining inventories for a number of products when there is a restriction on the maximum inventory investment, or on maximum warehouse space, is considered. A method of adjusting the order intervals of the products, the Equal Order Interval Method, is shown in general often to produce significantly better cost solutions to these problems than the well known Lagrangian Multiplier Method. Examples are given which demonstrate how the Equal Order Interval Method can be applied effectively and efficiently by heuristics.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.172

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the analysis of data relating to bids for 535 contracts to determine the distribution of these bids. The findings are that bids for building contracts can be treated as samples from a normal distribution and that for roads, although the assumption is statistically less valid, it is adequate for practical purposes. The tests for normality used were the studentized range and the Anderson-Darling statistic. Comments on the uses of these distributions in testing for unrealistic bids and for predicting the lowest bid are given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.173

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe consider the problem of laying out the facilities of which a plant is composed, in terms of specifying which facilities are to be adjacent. For each pair of facilities a benefit from siting them adjacent to each other is known. We seek to maximise the sum of benefits over all pairs of adjacent facilities.The problem is stated in terms of graph theory, and provision is made for some edges to be considered necessary and others forbidden, where each edge represents an adjacency. We describe a branch and bound algorithm for finding an optimal layout and a sequence of tests for determining whether or not the graphs constructed in the course of the algorithm are planar.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.174

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe adaptive filtering technique has recently been proposed as a method for short-to medium-term forecasting. The present note demonstrates some of the shortcomings implicit in the theory and gives illustrative examples.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.175

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIf the flowshop sequencing problem is constrained so that job profiles are maintained independently of other work on the shop, then a range of new problem solutions are possible. Using geometrical relationships between the cumulative process times, a slope matching method has been devised which generally provides better results than Palmer's method and Gupta's algorithm. Secondly, it has been possible to reformulate the flowshop sequencing problem in terms of the travelling salesman problem. This has enabled the performance of the slope matching, Palmer and Gupta methods to be compared against a non-heuristic solution. Finally, provided that expressing a job in terms of the slopes of the cumulative start and end times is satisfactory, this enables inn-job,M-machine flowshop to be converted into an equivalentn-job 2 machine flowshop to which the use of Johnson's method will provide optimal sequences.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.176

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA method of converting financial planning problems from mixed-integer to pure-integer programmes is demonstrated on three examples of progressively increasing complexity. The number of constraints and variables is thereby reduced, and the use of reliable integer programming algorithms on small computer systems is facilitated.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.177

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractItems are assumed to fail only by degradation. An appropriate stochastic model of such items is a cumulative process in which an item can fail only when the total amount of damage exceeds a prespecified failure level. This paper introduces a replacement policy in which an item is replaced at a certain level of damage before failure or at failure, whichever occurs first. The optimum replacement level of damage which will minimize the total expected cost per unit of time for an infinite time span is obtained. A numerical example is also presented. The total expected cost for a finite time span is also discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.178

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor