摘要:

AbstractIndia has a number of backward regions, and economic development of these regions requires special strategies. Development problems are multi-disciplinary and complex, and are ideally suited to a systems approach. The present paper outlines a methodology of such an approach, and discusses its application in relation to two backward districts in India.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.136

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThere has been a growing acceptance of the view that OR can be more appropriately understood as a technology rather than as a science. This view has, however, not been fully developed. This paper seeks to extend this area of investigation by addressing three issues: first, to consider why it is inappropriate to see OR as a science; second, if OR is to be seen as a technology, to ask what model of a technology, the classical or the modern, should be adopted; finally, to explore what implications for understanding OR are held by the most appropriate model of OR as technology. This paper shows that valuable insights might be gained for understanding and guiding the development of OR by seeing it as a technology.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.137

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCourses which teach discrete-event simulation are based on many different simulation languages. The requirements for a language to support teaching simulation are discussed. In particular, it is recommended that such languages separate into distinct modules those aspects of simulation which are taught as separate topics. Implementation of the separation is discussed. The SEESIM language, developed as a teaching aid, is described, and examples of its use are given. Straightforward use of SEESIM can be learned quickly, yet the language provides facilities for a staged introduction to advanced concepts of simulation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.138

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the actual implementation of a location-allocation study, which is one aspect of the overall Passive Cooling (Thailand) Project conducted in Northern Thailand since 1985. The goal has been to generate decision supports for‘optimal’placements of cooling facilities and the assignment of sites to these facilities as part of the post-harvest handling-chain operation of agricultural products. The basic questions addressed in this work are the issues of how many facilities to set up and where to locate them for maximum utility. Our selected approach is to use discrete location-allocation modelling, as, among other reasons, the problem at hand has a most natural network setting. Direct methods as well as efficient heuristics are examined, and sample numerical results are reported as illustrations of the continual implementation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.139

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIt is often the case that texts on dynamic programming, while giving excellent descriptions of the structure of dynamic optimization problems, fail to give very satisfactory guidance as to how theoretical models may be made operational. This paper uses a simple application to show how it is possible to derive a practical solution to a deterministic dynamic programme. The area of application is the finance of English local authorities.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.140

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn production activities, the control of production quantity and inventory is very important. The locus of the fluctuations of inventory can be represented by the minimal lattice paths on the two-dimensional planes. In this paper the effects of varying production rates on inventory control are discussed based on the minimal lattice paths.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper we deal with a heterogeneous machine-interference model under the assumption that the priority machines have pre-emptive priority over the ordinary ones. In each group, machines are characterized by exponentially distributed failure and repair times with different rates. The failed machines are served by a single repairman according to FIFO discipline. The aim of the paper is to give the steady-state operational characteristics of the system, such as operative utilization, expected busy-period length, machine availability, mean waiting times and average number of failed machines. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the problem in question.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.142

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe address the problem of determining the economic order quantity when the vendor permits delay in payment. Some early researchers argued that the best order quantity is invariant with respect to the trade credit. Others argued that the order quantity should increase as the delay in payment increases. We analyse this problem using the discounted cash-flow approach, and provide clarification on the inconsistencies between these approaches. First, we show that the best order quantity is an increasing function of the permitted delay in payment. We also show that an approach suggested by Chand and Ward not only yields an upper bound on the optimum, but also provides robust results. Though the classical square-root formula disregards trade-credit information, under some circumstances, it will yield better results than the formulation taking into account that information. We illustrate this anomaly with an example, and provide analytical explanation for it. We also discuss some potential conceptual pitfalls in using the average cost analysis as an approximation to the discounted cash-flow approach.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.143

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper deals with a general queueing system with many servers in steady state. Applying the method of entropy maximization with several constraints and the asymptotic property of the GI/G/c queueing systems, we provide approximate formulae for the distributions of the number of customers and the waiting time. In order to examine the accuracy of the approximate formulae, we present several numerical examples for illustration.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.144

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA heuristic decision rule is derived for the replenishment of items with a linearly increasing demand rate over a finite planning horizon during which shortages are allowed. When compared with the exact decision rule, the heuristic is found to incur negligible cost penalty for the numerical example which is given to illustrate the use of the heuristic.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1989.145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor