ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.67

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to the debate on the use of Operational Research in the developing countries. A description is given of some OR applications with high potential benefit, but it is suggested that the question of education for local practitioners is critical for success and that the long-term solution is to provide a training facility in the developing country itself. A proposal is detailed for a pilot project to be started in a selected country. The project team would include OR professionals and academics and would be involved in both practical OR studies and the training of local staff. It is suggested that the paper could form a basis for further discussion with the eventual aim of making a specific proposal to appropriate countries, aid agencies and organizations.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.68

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThere are financial areas in which further modelling of the OR type should help to clarify the value of different alternatives. Although the problems are discussed as a number of separate entities, OR should be in a strong position to integrate the findings into a coherent pattern containing considerable emphasis on structural relationships.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.69

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper begins with a review of the general attitudes of resource utilization over the past 25 years, and examines three main changes that have taken place during this time: first, the availability of fossil fuels to the western world, second, the increased public awareness of the environment, and third, the realization that the resources are essentially finite.The basic thesis of the paper is that our future standard of living, and indeed our very existence, depend upon us matching demand for the resources of food, fuel and wood fibre with our ability to produce these resources in the rural environment. As the demand for increased resources continues, we will become increasingly dependent upon the biological activity of our ecological systems as they utilize and transform the energy of the Sun reaching our world. We must, therefore, learn more about the efficiency of these ecological systems and the ways in which they work, in order to maintain them at their point of maximum stability. The rural environment, together with its soils, climate and ecological systems, needs itself to be accepted as an important resource, and conscious policies developed for its husbandry.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.70

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper reports what is believed to be the first application of mathematical programming to the manufacture of pottery. The problem has a number of distinctive features requiring special treatment in its specification. Short term (product mix) and medium term (acquisition of new plant) decisions within the firm are examined and a framework for the evaluation of improvements in methods to reduce production losses is given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.71

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a simulation model of delays to aircraft caused by airport runway congestion. It was developed for the Australian Government as part of the Sydney Airport Project. Subsequently, it was used in a traffic management study of the airport which examined the scope of deferring the need for additional runway capacity by adopting administrative measures affecting runway utilization.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.72

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn identifying model of sugar cane crop rotation has been developed to optimize return to a single sugar cane farm by scheduling harvesting times and implicitly defining the crop growth periods. A Markov decision process is used to provide a simple structure which retains the problem's dynamic nature. Stochastic influence on the system is incorporated within this structure by defining states representing crops at discrete quality levels with probabilistic transitions between states. Non-discounted and discounted versions of the Markov process are solved using a linear programming formulation. Problem formulation and interpretation of the solution is complicated by an extra constraint on the Markov process due to sugar industry restriction. This constraint is treated by two different means and a rule is presented to aid its interpretation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.73

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPopulation projections by various variables are often required by decision makers for a variety of planning problems in both the private and public sectors. Mathematical population models have not yet been developed which are suitable for making population projections stratified by large numbers of variables. However, stochastic simulation called microanalytic simulation provides us with a feasible approach for obtaining population projections of this nature. In this paper the structure of a microanalytic population simulation model and its advantages over the transitional matrix method are discussed. Then a general method is presented to condition the course of simulations over historical periods using available aggregate vital statistics data. In this way, deviations of the simulated from the actual population can be controlled to a certain degree allowing us to recreate otherwise unavailable historical time series and cross-sectional population samples with reasonable precision. Numerical results are presented for the population of Alberta, a province of Canada, over the period 1961-1971.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.74

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper a number of issues will be examined regarding uncertainty about cost estimates in competitive bidding models. First, the value of information is derived when the relevant parameters are known. Next, it is shown how the usual procedure for finding the optimal price can be improved by taking into account information regarding the relation between the ratio of estimated cost to real cost for winning bids, and markup. Finally, a trial-and-error procedure is presented for determining the parameters needed to estimate the value of information.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.75

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper a primal simplex based solution procedure is developed for a multiproduct, multi-facility location problem using rectilinear distance measures. By overcoming the combinatorial nature of the problem which arises in the presence of degeneracy, this procedure is capable of handling large size problems. Computational results are also provided.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.76

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor