摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that quality of life is primarily a matter of aesthetics and that aesthetics has been ignored in the process we call "development". It is further argued that the aesthetic function has two complementary aspects: thecreativeand therecreative. The creative subfunction is to provideinspiration, the desire for and commitment to pursuit of ideals; the recreative subfunction is to provide satisfaction during this pursuit. The latter is based onstylistic(non-efficiency related) preferences among ways of doing things. Measurement of progress towards ideals and of stylistic satisfaction, though helpful, is not essential to development planning. It is argued that participative planning that begins with design of an ideal-state can provide those involved with an opportunity to incorporate both their ideals and their stylistic preferences into designs of the future and development of ways of bringing it about.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.57

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the language used to describe the OR approach. Much confusion is caused by a failure to properly distinguish Operational Research from science. Recognising the distinctions that should exist, leads to a modification of the model of the practice of OR and could lead to more practical papers being published in the journals.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.58

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe achievements of OR in the Second World War were immense, and yet the teams were without computers and their specialist OR techniques were few and primitive. This brief re-examination of one crucial analysis reveals an approach that diverged substantially from the modern methodology, but was on time and successful, and is of more than historical interest.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.59

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the procedure by which votes are converted into seats at U.K. General Elections. In particular it seeks to answer these questions.What is the meaning of swing when more than two parties fight an election?How can the distribution of seats at an election be determined from a prediction of national swing?How can swing analysis be extended to help determine an electoral strategy for political parties?What explanation can be provided for the swing in Scotland?What explanation can be provided for variations in the English swing?

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.60

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of minimising the overall duration of a project subject to constraints on the availability of resources is considered with particular reference to the use of branch and bound methods. A new resource based bound, new dominance rules and an innovatory network breakdown technique which preserves optimality are reported. Computational experience and comparisons with schedules obtained by decision rule methods are given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.61

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA problem in tree networks, that of minimizing the cost of a pipeline tree connecting a source to a number of sinks, is discussed. A method of solution in which the optimal solution is synthesised from optimized subsystems is described. The method is built on the geometrical properties of the simplest subsystem; that with one source and two sinks. Experience with the method suggests that it is a practical alternative to numerical-iterative methods used hitherto.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.62

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes an integer programming formulation of the vehicle scheduling problem and illustrates how such a formulation can be extended to incorporate restrictions on work load, coverage and service that occur in real world vehicle scheduling problems. The integer programme is solved using the Revised Simplex method, additional constraints being introduced to retain integrality during convergence. The feasible region of this integer programme is initially restricted so that only routes constructed through sets of radially contiguous locations are considered. The effect of relaxing these over-constraints is explored. The method is demonstrated on fifteen problems ranging in size from 21 to 100 locations and the results generally show an improvement on previously published results. This is particularly true of the larger problems. This method compares favourably with other methods in computational efficiency.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.63

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.64

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.65

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1976.66

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor