摘要:

AbstractThe Colliery Planning System (C.P.S.) is a medium- to long-term planning aid written in APL and running on a Superbrain microcomputer. It was developed by and has been used extensively within the Operational Research Executive (O.R.E.) of the National Coal Board and has been in routine use by planning staff in one of the N.C.B.'s Areas for over two years. This paper discusses the Colliery Planning System and outlines the problems it has been necessary to overcome to achieve implementation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.35

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe number of children in the care of local authorities in the U.K. has increased by roughly 50% since 1970, an indication of the importance of planning appropriate resources for such children. This paper describes a project involving Social Services Department research officers in the South West Region, co-ordinated by the authors, aimed at developing and applying a common approach to planning for the numbers of children in care for whom different types of provision (residential and community) are likely to be required in future years. The primary purpose was to assist the Regional Planning Committee (R.P.C.) prepare its plan, as called for by the D.H.S.S.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.36

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes two approaches to the estimation of the‘incapacity time’caused by home accidents: estimates based on the survey of actual accidents and estimates obtained using expert judgements of accident/injury descriptions. The two approaches are compared, and the conclusion is reached that the expert-judgement method is promising. It is demonstrated that estimates can be obtained for a comprehensive range of accidents relatively quickly and inexpensively and that the degree of precision required for decision-making purposes may not justify the high costs and time-scales associated with the survey of actual accidents.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.37

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe British Gas Corporation is preparing for substantial capital expenditure to provide additional gas storage capacity, which is required to balance out the within-day variations of demand, Conversion to natural gas, with its higher calorific value, resulted in a substantial increase in the effective volume of gas storage available. This surplus has been eroded by the rapid growth in demand over the decade since conversion, and new investment in storage will be required if current forecasts of growth are correct. The assessment of the storage requirements has therefore become more important, and more sophisticated methods are being developed. In this paper the factors affecting the need for storage are examined, the methods adopted in incorporating these factors into a simulation model are discussed, and the results from the models are presented. Consideration is given to the national policy aspects of the problem and to the interactions between O.R. and other staff within B.G.C. during the development of the project.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.38

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation was undertaken in late 1982/early 1983 into the computing needs of operational research workers in British Gas. The approach was first to draw up a specification of O.R.'s computing needs in terms of service levels, provision of hardware and software. Alternative options for meeting this specification were then costed out. Options examined included an interactive service on the mainframe computer, use of a minicomputer, and the use of micros plus mainframe interactive service. The results are given in the paper for various sizes of O.R. group, together with the results of sensitivity exercises.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.39

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with analytical determination of the mean and standard deviation of the job flow-time in a job shop in which the F.C.F.S. dispatching rule is in use. A hypothetical job shop is constructed to generate simulation results for comparison with the analytical results. Consistency of the results reveals the validity of the analytical model. It is also shown that the model is quite robust at a low level of shop load. So the model can be applied to analyze certain types of actual shops.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.40

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a stochastic inventory model for situations in which, during a stockout period, a fractionβof the demand is backordered and the remaining fraction 1–βis lost. The model is suggested by the customers' different reactions to a stockout condition: during the stockout period, some patient customers wait until their demand is satisfied, while other impatient or urgent customers cannot wait and have to fill their demand from another source. The cost of a backorder is assumed to be proportional to the length of time for which the backorder exists, and a fixed penalty cost is incurred per unit of lost demand. Based on a heuristic treatment of a lot-size reorder-point policy, a mathematical model representing the average annual cost of operating the inventory system is developed. The optimal operating policy variables minimizing the average annual cost can be calculated iteratively. At the extremesβ= 1 andβ= 0, the model presented reduces to the usual backorders and lost sales case, respectively.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.41

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA motorist involved in an accident will have to decide whether to claim from his insurance company or not when he is at fault. An optimal decision rule can only be determined in the light of future developments and future decisions, since the consequences of claiming or not claiming are felt in the subsequent year's premiums. In this paper, optimal no-claim limits are determined for a common Dutch type of insurance policy with bonus-malus structures, using generalized Markovian programming. The computational results are given for various values of the expected number of accidents per year.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.42

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis note shows that virtually all the multi-objective and goal-programming approaches can be thought of as special cases of a general distance-function model. Although the outcome of this paper cannot be considered completely new, it can, however, help increasing conceptual clarity and precision in future dialogue, showing the actual links between multi-objective programming, goal programming and traditional mathematical programming.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.43

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThree classification systems for models in operational research are reconsidered. It is found that not all case studies from theJournal of the Operational Research Societycan be fitted into the classification types. Some adjustments to classification typology are proposed, but it is concluded that a system which classifies according to very basic features of content offers the most useful insights to the models and problems.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1985.44

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor