摘要:

AbstractThe problems of public expenditure planning and control to which O.R. can make a contribution are identified. Suggestions are made for research by those in O.R. both within government and in universities. Recent work in the Treasury on financial models and information systems are discussed in terms of how such work might be applied elsewhere and extended to include measures of achievement. The topics covered include planning for uncertainty and theory development by O.R. in models of inflation and social justice.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.37

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe inflexibility of plans and planning has been much criticised. While there are certain material factors in the structures of developed societies which promote such inflexibility, the criticism, if substantiated, clearly represents a major failing of planning methodology. In this paper the two most prominent planning methodologies—rational comprehensive and incrementalist—are reviewed, and found to incorporate inflexibility in distinctive ways into their procedures. Other approaches to planning which stress the importance of flexibility and attempt to make it operational are then critically surveyed; from these certain desirable characteristics of a methodology for flexible planning are distilled. Finally, the urgency of the problem is illustrated with examples both from theorists of planning and from the practice of planning in a wide range of application areas. (An alternative methodology is proposed in a companion paper.)

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.38

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWhile educational programs and professional journals typically devote much of their resources to exact, mathematically elegant methods for the solution of small or modest size problems, the practitioner often encounters large-scale or massive problems for which such exact methods hold little promise. This paper discusses this phenomena and presents some thoughts as to the incorporation of guidelines through which largescale problems may be solved by means of efficient heuristic techniques. Further, these heuristics are classified and related to a fundamental set of base heuristics.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.39

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA new approach is proposed for the maximization of profit by optimal scheduling of machinery. Only one objective function (profit) is used instead of two (availability and cost). The latter approach inevitably resulted in suboptimization. In addition, the "single objective function" approach naturally lends itself to comparisons of efficiency between any preventive maintenance policies. Optimal solutions were found in order to compare the efficiency of the commonly used policies of age and block replacement. Numerical results show that age replacement is always more profitable. Optimal solutions for these two maintenance policies were also found in the specific case where a maintenance repair is superior in quality to a breakdown repair. Finally, the physical law of increasing entropy, applied to the failure rate concept, leads to the conclusion that preventive maintenance should always be considered.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.40

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis note describes a model for advanced reservations extended to systems which can serve many customers at the same time. The new model has been developed for a communication network which provides intercity visual conferencing services via a satellite capable of accommodating many conferences simultaneously. Each customer calls in advance to reserve time on a future date. A scheduler either satisfies the request, or offers available alternatives which may or may not be acceptable to the customer. The model is used to examine different measures of quality-of-service and system utilization.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.41

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a projection model for a hierarchical manpower system, viz. a combined group of English County Police Constabularies. The model is designed to describe how observed wastage and promotion rates will shape the internal structure of the system should these persist. Employees in the system are classified according to rank and completed length of service. The model also determines recruitment rates necessary to achieve desired manning levels.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.42

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn algorithm is presented for solving families of integer linear programming problems in which the problems are "related" by having identical objective coefficients and constraint matrix coefficients. The righthand-side constants have the formb+θdwherebanddare conformable vectors andθvaries from zero to one.The approach consists primarily of solving the most relaxed problem (θ= 1) using cutting planes and then contracting the region of feasible integer solutions in such a manner that the current optimal integer solution is eliminated.The algorithm was applied to 1800 integer linear programming problems with reasonable success. Integer programming problems which have proved to be unsolvable using cutting planes have been solved by expanding the region of feasible integer solutions (θ= 1) and then contracting to the original region.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.43

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMathematical programming models present an approach to solving multicriteria decision problems. This paper compares two such models. One based on fuzzy set theory, the other relying on utility functions and the maximin decision criteria. The two models have identical form. The paper also illustrates the relationship between fuzzy set theory and multi-criteria decision making.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.44

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.45

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.46

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor