ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.39

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.40

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes an important principle of modelling put forward by the late K. D. Tocher, namely that a clear distinction should be made between asystemmodelled andproblemsabout the system. An example illustrates the many differentpracticalproblems one may be led to solve about a given economic system, e.g. an industrial firm. The example also shows that problems often result from thesolutionsto other problems, and thus cannot all be simultaneously anticipated. This suggests the need for a modelling system which, given a model of a system, may be used to solve any problem about the system.The overall problem can be described as that of solving an underdetermined system of equations. The precise meaning of the problem is defined for the case of sparse systems. Finally, the main features of a computer program based on Tocher's philosopy are outlined.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.41

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBritain's entry into the European Community required fundamental changes to be made to the methods of charging U.K. home trade steel customers. The paper describes O.R. involvement in the design and implementation of the new charging methods for wide strip products sold by British Steel Corporation. The methodology employed was simple but none the less proved to be valuable in allowing management to make sense of what appeared at the outset to be a highly unstructured problem.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.42

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the problem of capital budgeting in the area of highway maintenance. Emphasis is placed on specific, real-world user concerns relating to standard capital budgeting models, and suggestions are made for improving planning in this area. A two-phase approach to capital budgeting is suggested as a mechanism for resolving some of these concerns. In phase 1 a financial planning model is used as a means of determining appropriate budget levels. In phase 2 a goal programming model for achieving desired levels of service is given. A brief description is given of such a two-phase system currently being implemented in a Canadian transport ministry.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.43

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDefence policy-making has to be set against an uncertain—indeed unpredictable—future. Given this uncertainty surrounding future conflict, air forces play an important part because of their inherent flexibility to undertake a variety of roles. This paper describes the assistance given to the Air Staff in deciding what mix of air-delivered weapons should be stockpiled to provide the RAF with this flexibility, subject to budgetary and other constraints. It is a simple application of linear programming with an unusual objective function. A number of alternative approaches are reviewed, and the rather pragmatic way in which various decisions regarding the conduct of the study were made is discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.44

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn addition to stocks of spare parts for its machinery, an organization will often find it advantageous to hold stocks of repairable sub-assemblies. These can be used to shorten the repair and overhaul times of expensive machines. This paper describes extensions of standard stock control theory to the case of repairable items and also discusses some of the difficulties which can arise with service exchange systems in practice.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.45

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA previous paper in this Journal compared various regression models designed to relate hospital recurrent expenditure to corresponding measures of hospital activity and services provided. The paper concluded by discussing briefly an alternative approach designed to avoid some of the criticisms raised and to reconcile the differing viewpoints inherent in the existing models. The objective of the present paper is to describe this alternative approach in more detail.The model introduced is concerned with the separate modelling of a number of broad components of hospital inpatient expenditure, rather than with the total expenditure in isolation. A system of simultaneous regression models is proposed, each related to a particular area of expenditure, the structure of each being determined by means of empirical analyses based upon data from some 1505 English hospitals.It is shown that when the total costs generated by aggregating the cost components are considered, the models provide a better representation of the cost structure of English hospitals than the models based upon total costs published in the recent literature. Various applications of the models in the management and planning of hospital services involving the use of micro- or other computers are discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.46

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMcClean's model is applied to an analysis of Consultant Staff in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh from 1801 to 1968.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.47

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.49

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor