摘要:

AbstractOne of the aims in forming the Institute for Operational Research (IOR) in 1963 was to expand the fields of application of OR and to reverse the tendency, then evident, for it to settle down as a mainly in-house, industrial activity deriving its strength from mathematics and the hard sciences, with little research content of its own. The paper outlines the early work done at IOR in pursuit of this mission, especially in multi-organizational settings such as city and regional planning, health services and the building industry. This leads into discussion of the conditions under which the work was done, the style of‘action-research’that evolved, its influence at the time, and its relevance to the different circumstances of the present day.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.125

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAs experience of conducting community OR projects grows and learning accrues, new approaches will be developed offering guidance on how best to proceed in alleviating the problems of community organizations. In the interim, it is sensible to consider which, if any, among the existing OR and systems methodologies might prove useful for this kind of work. In this paper it is argued that there already exist, within what might be described as‘enhanced OR’, a number of approaches which are suitable for guiding community OR practice. This is demonstrated by outlining some of these methodologies, giving examples of their use with community organizations and showing their particular strengths in the community context. Some conclusions are drawn about the community OR enterprise.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.126

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a new, interactive multi-objective linear-programming procedure to aid decision-makers in setting up goals for desired outputs. The procedure relies on empirical production functions generated by the use of data envelopment analysis. It presents the decision-maker with a set of alternative efficient points in order either to compare different sets of inputs in terms of their effectiveness for goal achievement, or to set goals against which future management performance may be measured. With each iteration the new information provided by the decision-maker is used to adjust the procedure, leading to points which have greater effectiveness utility for the decision-maker. A numerical example is provided along with guidelines for future applications.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.127

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe present a modelling/solution procedure for adjusting demands to obtain an‘equitably infeasible’solution for an infeasible transportation problem. The infeasibility may be due to total supply not being equal to total demand, or inadmissible routes (arcs). We show that the problem can be modelled and solved as a pre-emptive, multicriteria, capacitated transportation problem, whose objective is to minimize the maximum deviation between the fractional undersupply to the demand nodes or, equivalently, to minimize the fractional undersupply of the demands. Further, we show that an optimal solution can be obtained by solving either a single-criterion transportation problem (by choosing sufficiently large weights to aggregate the criteria) or a sequence of single-criterion transportation problems.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.128

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of locating emergency-service facilities involves the assignment of a set of demand points to a set of facilities. One way to formulate the problem is to minimize the number of required facilities, given that the maximum distance between the demand points and their nearest facility does not exceed some specified value. We present a procedure for determining the numbers of such facilities for all possible values of the maximum distance. Computational results are presented for a microcomputer implementation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.129

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractOne-dimensional slitting problems are often encountered in textile, paper or sheet-metal industries where a roll of this product needs to be divided into various narrower-width rolls. The rolls are slit into pieces such that the total value of the sale is maximized depending on the width and the number of defects in the sheet. As the width of a piece increases, the value of the piece increases also, but on the other hand, the number of defects in the piece increases as well, causing reduction in its value. Based on these constraints, a dynamic programming formulation is framed so as to maximize the total value of the sale. Computational complexity with a numerical example is discussed to demonstrate how the procedure works.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.130

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractStatistical process control and preventive maintenance have been treated separately by past research. This study presents an economic model that incorporates both process control and maintenance procedures, and simultaneously optimizes their design parameters. It is shown how a pure process-control policy and a pure preventive-maintenance policy constitute special cases of the general model. Numerical examples illustrate the application of the method and suggest that, under the Markovian deterioration assumption, in many cases a pure policy is economically justifiable.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.131

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn PERT analysis the activity-time distribution is assumed to be a beta distribution, and the mean and variance of the activity time are estimated on the basis of the‘pessimistic’,‘most likely’and‘optimistic’completion times, which are subjectively determined by an analyst. In this paper, on the basis of the study of the PERT assumptions, we present an improvement of these estimates. It is also shown that, by means of additional reasonable assumptions, the activity-time distribution in PERT analysis may be essentially simplified.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.132

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTwo forecasting packages, AUTOCaST and 4CaST/2, which cover overlapping ground but differ in their focus, are contrasted under a number of different headings.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.133

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper compares the IBM-PC microcomputer and compatibles against the mainframe computing facilities, and discusses specifically the use of software in the areas of spreadsheets, simulation, forecasting and textbook floppies. A comprehensive set of references is given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1988.134

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor