ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.85

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCost-benefit analysis offers a common-sense approach to measuring the contribution of OR but encounters difficulties which have been recognized by Ackoff. Ackoff's concept of adaptivity appears to offer a neat solution to those difficulties but can be seen to provide only a methodology and to lack a background theory. The authors argue that: in general the development of background theory should precede the development of a methodology; for OR the background theory required is one of decision-making; and that the social sciences provide the resource from which an adequate theory of decision-making can be developed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.86

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a study of the distribution system in a large retail company which was carried out by consultants with assistance from company personnel. The problems of availability of data and suitable package programs are described. Heuristic methods of analysis were used based on the rapid evaluation of costs for alternative distribution strategies by means of a computer program developed in response to a previous study. The recommendations made at the end of the study were accepted by the company and are in the process of implementation.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.87

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe magazine and newspaper wholesaler or distributor faces the problem of allocating copies of each new issue of each periodical among the retail outlets that sell that particular title. A large distributor will typically distribute over 150 new issues each week, with some issues being sent to more than 1000 retail outlets. This paper describes the development of a new distribution procedure which was undertaken for a major distributor.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.88

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA multiobjective decision analysis was conducted to help the director of a product engineering group within a major corporation plan the allocation of his operating budget. Use of decomposition results from multiattribute utility theory led to a nonlinear programming formulation of the allocation problem that was convenient to solve and for which the required utility and probability data could be obtained. The analysis indicated that a substantial change from the traditional allocation policy would be desirable. The analysis approach and the results were well received by management.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.89

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA set of practical production planning procedures is outlined, and the algorithmic aspects of the production allocation procedure is presented is some detail. It is suggested that the algorithm's properties of ease of use and speed might make it a candidate for inclusion in more complex planning processes. A formal statement of the logic employed in the algorithm is included as an Appendix.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.90

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBy considering equivalences between various forecasting systems, the exact stochastic process followed by the one-step-ahead errors may be found. This process, the error process, is important for any monitoring scheme, and is a function of the forecasting system and the underlying data process. The error process is obtained for the most general form of exponential smoothing systems used in optimal conditions. The statistical properties are derived. In particular, the approximate variance of Trigg's smoothed error tracking signal is obtained explicitly for several exponential smoothing systems, and a procedure is given for obtaining it numerically for any such system. The use of different smoothing constants in the forecasting system and the tracking signal is discussed and it is found that suitable choice of the tracking signal constant greatly improves the performance of the signal, making it more comparable with CUSUM schemes.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.91

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of maximizing the sum of the flows of all commodities in a network where the capacities of some arcs can be increased by integer numbers within a fixed budget is solved in this paper. Benders' technique is used to decompose the problem. Then Rosen's primal partitioning and non-linear duality theory are used to solve the subproblems generated by the Benders' decomposition. An application of a multicommodity network to the defence problem is mentioned.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.92

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAlfred Weber reduced the problem of locating a firm under the conditions that all cost elements other than those which vary regularly with space are held constant, to that of determining the point(s) of minimum transportation costs. This paper presents a survey of the techniques used to solve this problem and gives an efficient Quadratic Approximation Search Technique which was coded in FORTRAN IV and tested on a number of problems for it.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.93

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a new algorithm for integer programming with bounded variables which is efficient whenm

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1978.94

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor