摘要:

AbstractThe range of possible ways in which OR influences and is influenced by the organization in which it takes place is great. These influences will be due in part to the nature of the organization involved and such factors cannot be considered in general. However, other factors will have their roots in the generic processes and character found in OR and organizations. A potentially useful way of investigating these factors is to ask what part OR plays in an organization. The particular view held of organizations and of the behaviour of people within them will determine how this aspect of OR is understood. In this paper Morgan's method of organizational analysis based upon the idea of metaphor is adopted to explore the place of OR in organizations. This approach explicitly uses a multi-faceted style of analysis, which is seen to be preferable to one which is more partial in its treatment of organization.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.92

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper concerns a computer system which was devised to schedule umpires for the major cricket games played in England. The context of the work is discussed briefly, and the many constraints and objectives are described. An outline of the solution method, rather than exact details of the algorithms used, is given. In addition, two technical points concerning the exact formulation of the objective function are discussed, since they are probably relevant to many other applications. The results are described briefly.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.93

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe extent to which a proposed military force will achieve operational objectives is a prime concern of defence planners. This paper discusses the problem in the context of the exercise of sea power in distant waters and shows that a model of the whole problem would require a feedback analysis, for which an appropriate approach would be system dynamics. Such models have, in general, been continuous, but ships are discrete objects. The paper therefore addresses the construction of discrete system dynamics models as the basis for a model of the whole problem. Two models of a submarine force are presented. The first deals with the construction and major refit programmes, to evaluate the periods of fleet service availability achievable from a submarine force of a given size. The second examines unit usage during periods of fleet service.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.94

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis study develops a new use of data envelopment analysis for estimating a stochastic frontier cost function that is assumed to have two different error components: a one-sided disturbance (representing technical and allocative inefficiencies) and a two-sided disturbance (representing an observational error). The two error components are handled by data envelopment analysis in combination with goal programming/constrained regression. The approach proposed in this study can avoid several statistical assumptions used in conventional methods for estimating a stochastic frontier function. As an important application, this study uses the estimation technique to obtain an AT&T stochastic frontier cost function. As a result, this study measures technical and allocative efficiencies of AT&T production process and review its natural monopoly issue. The estimated stochastic frontier cost function is also compared with the other cost function models used for previous studies concerning the divestiture of the telephone industry.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.95

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper introduces the two-machine super-shop scheduling problem to minimize makespan. The well-known flow-shop, open-shop, job-shop and mixed-shop scheduling problems are special cases of our model. A polynomial-time algorithm to find both pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive optimal schedules is described.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.96

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDuring the service lifetime of a repairable machine, regular preventive maintenance or scheduled overhauls may be carried out. One may wish to test the null hypothesis that the overhauls have no effect on the subsequent sequence of times to failure, or on the costs of the failures (e.g. labour time for repairs). Requirements of a satisfactory statistical test are discussed, and a test based on partial likelihood is introduced. To exemplify its practical application, the test is used to analyse published data on failure of submarine engines, and a dataset collected during a recent study of hospital equipment. Some generalizations that would involve more detailed modelling of the effect of maintenance are discussed. A related permutation test would be a robust alternative test in the case of several identical machines, or as a test for trend.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.97

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe delay time model developed by Christer to determine the reliability consequences of various inspection periods is shown to be considerably simplified if information is obtained only at the inspection times. It is shown that the average reliability over an inspection period may be approximated by a linear function giving a relative error of the order of 10% and by a cubic resulting in a relative error of less than 1%.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.98

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.99

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1991.103

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor