ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.47

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper describes the design and implementation of a management information system which deals with statements about events that can be expressed only in terms of probabilities. Some consideration is given to the technical basis of the system and to the human organization needed to maintain an information centre-giving some insight into problems of co-ordination in decentralized organizations. Finally, the paper analyses the performance both of the centre and of the reporters' to the centre over a full year and there is a brief attempt to assess the working experience against the hypotheses upon which the centre was based.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.48

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.49

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA decision theory model which takes account of competitive reaction to the introduction of new brands into an existing market was developed. It led to a linear programming solution. The experience and knowledge of the marketing and sales personnel were quantified to provide data for the model. Results from the model were implemented and the information obtained was used as the basis for subsequent decisions. A change in profit was predicted with good accuracy.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.50

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe introduction of computer systems and their relationship with the host organization have been studied by various approaches-such as case methods and survey techniques. This article examines the use of the analogue computer to simulate the effect of certain management decisions upon the growth of a computer department. The history of the department, a description of the model, the operation and some results of the simulation are presented. The managerial advantages of simulation approach are examined.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.51

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractClassical prediction theory limits itself to quadratic cost functions, and hence least-square predictors. However, the cost functions that arise in practice in economics and management situations are not likely to be quadratic in form, and frequently will be non-symmetric. It is the object of this paper to throw light on prediction in such situations and to suggest some practical implications. It is suggested that a useful, although sub-optimal, manner of taking into account generalized cost functions is to add a constant bias term to the predictor. Two theorems are proved showing that under fairly general conditions the bias term can be taken to be zero when one uses a symmetric cost function. If the cost function is a non-symmetric linear function, an expression for the bias can be simply obtained.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.52

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA competitive bidding policy can be formulated if prior probability distributions of competitors' bids for future contracts have been determined. A method for determining these prior probability distributions is described for markets where there are a large number of customers. The identity of each winning company and its bid are assumed to be available to competitors and other customers so that the market reacts quickly to changes. A real example of the use of the method is given. The suppliers' general levels of bidding and their variation with individual types of customer are evaluated quantitatively. The results are consistent with qualitative knowledge of the market.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.53

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMany industrial complexes are chains of unit processes, the end-product of one process being the raw material for another; often the same process can also make several end-products sequentially and, furthermore, intermediate products can be bought in or sold. In managing these "multi-processes", cost accountants often use input/output models to measure historic internal costs while simultaneously, planners calculate the most profitable future mix of end-products from linear programming (LP) models. A general combined cost/LP model is proposed here, usable either for costing purposes or for LP planning. Its cost version can include standard cost techniques; when used with the planning version, it leads to the concept of "super-standard" costs for the most profitable way of running the multiprocess. The combined model is thus a basic part of an overall management information and control system.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.54

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA method for determining schedules in a paper mill is described and applied to real production data. The problem is to allocate products to machines and determine their sequence so as to minimize total costs. The costs include production losses through set-ups, stock holding and penalties for delayed delivery. The method is based on a permutation representation of the production schedule and the determination of a locally optimal solution. A permutation is locally optimal if it cannot be improved by transferring groups of products to a different place in the schedule. The method has been programmed and the results show a considerable improvement over alternative manual procedures. The paper has been written in two parts, the first dealing with the development of the method and the second discussing its application to a specific problem.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.55

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe study described here was based on a questionnaire survey in the summer of 1967 of all the then members of the Operational Research Society. It concerns factual data about Operational Research Society members relating to their general background, the area of operational research and the industry they are engaged in, age and salary, undergraduate and postgraduate education, training in operational research, time spent in operational research and in industry prior to operational research. It examines the relationships between these aspects of their background and looks for trends which may indicate how the nature of the men entering the profession may be changing.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1969.56

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor