摘要:

AbstractAfter a brief discussion of the diagnoses of others of OR's ailments, a detailed examination is made of the impacts of academic OR on its practice. These impacts include the dispersion of OR in organizations, the displacement of OR workers, and the dissolution of its interdisciplinarity. Then the changes in OR's environment which should have evoked adaptive responses from it, but didn't, are considered. The increasing inappropriateness of OR's methodology is discussed by focusing on the deficiencies of its concept and practice of optimization, and its pursuit of objectivity. These deficiencies, it is argued, can only be overcome by a comprehensive reconceptualization of the field, its methodology, the way it is practised, and the way students are educated to practise it.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.22

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a model developed for a British bank to assist management in establishing branch goals, evaluating performance and planning new locations. Econometric methods are used to produce a set of equations which effectively predicts the main dimensions of branch performance.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.23

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe number of mid-air collisions which would occur if all pilots were flying uncontrolled and blindfolded is computed from data on the sizes, speeds and density of aircraft, and compared to the number which actually occurred over the United States during the 9-year period 1964-1972. The ratio comes out at least 32 to 1 for low-altitude en route traffic, and at least 84 to 1 in low-altitude terminal airspace (5-30 miles from the centre of an airport). Within 5 miles the density is so high that this ratio would have been far higher, and meaningless; the number of collisions at high altitudes is very small, and again less than would be predicted by the model. The model is such that it might drastically underestimate the number of collisions (and therefore the above ratios), but could not overestimate it by more than a factor of two or three. It is concluded that under conditions of moderate to high densities of air traffic, the air traffic control system and its inherent doctrine of see-and-avoid are useful in avoiding collisions.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.24

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA model is developed for determining an appropriate policy for referral or discharge of patients from the different modes of care in a progressive patient care facility. The objectives of the model are to achieve a high probability that the average patient recovers and to provide care at a low cost. Previous results concerning multichain semi-Markov processes are used in conjunction with vector maximum in order to generate all nondominated solutions to the problem.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.25

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA supplier's overall performance can be gauged by his unit price and adherence to quality standards and delivery schedules. The cost of substandard quality and non-adherence to delivery schedule is computed and added to the cost of purchase. A set of order quantity and supplier combination is chosen dynamically and the total cost computed to determine the best choice (least total cost).

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.26

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the knapsack problem to include more realistic situations by treating the rewards (or values) associated with each item included in the solution as random variables with distributions that are known (or may be estimated) rather than known integers, as in the usual formulation. We propose a dynamic programming solution methodology where the usual real-valued return function is replaced by a preference ordering on the distributions of returns from the items selected. In addition to extending previous solutions to the knapsack problem, we demonstrate the selection of a preference ordering criterion and illustrate the conditions required of the ordering to guarantee optimality of the procedure. A sample problem is shown to demonstrate the algorithm, and results of computational experience with 459 problems of varying sizes and parameters are presented.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.27

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of finding an optimal or economic service rate in queueing situations that can be modelled as birth-death processes. The costs and revenues considered are a cost for waiting, a cost for operating the server, and a revenue for each customer served. The paper derives certain optimality conditions that must be met in order that the service rate is optimal. These results are then applied to find economic service rates from graphs.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.28

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe queue network studied consists ofninfinite queues in parallel served by independent servers and by other servers all linked to form a hierarchical structure. The total service a unit receives depends partially on other units in service. We call this type of servicing partially shared servicing. All interarrival times as well as service times are assumed exponentially distributed. The characteristic of interest is the traffic intensity of the infinite queues. Some simple formulae are obtained. An application to modelling a disc I/O system is described. The model turns out to be useful and accurate with wide applicability.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.29

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines various goal programming formulations, including the well-known MINSUM and MINMAX models, and their extensions to include explicit recognition of "soft" constraints. The differences in the nature of the solution sets and their sensitivity are illustrated using a real-life advertising media scheduling problem involving 63 media options. It is concluded that MINMAX models may often be more useful in gaining insight into the nature of the problem's solution, and that both MINSUM and MINMAX models may be considerably enriched through the use of soft constraints.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.30

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.31

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor