ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.89

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the need for more interdisciplinary, systems oriented, research directed towards major problems encountered by decision makers in industry and government; a need which is more difficult to meet in the face of traditional methods of organising knowledge and research. It emphasises the need to acknowledge the true complexity of the problems and the interactive nature of any effective research procedure. As an illustration, both of the need and the problems involved in meeting it, the development of a new program of research into problems of Management and Technology at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, which is supported by seventeen nations of all political complexions, is analysed. The implication is that we can do something about the future, but we must be prepared todo.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.90

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper shows that agriculture is one of the United Kingdom's largest industries. It would therefore be expected that O.R. could have made a significant contribution to decision making. But achievements in practice have been disappointingly small. The industry comprises of a large number of small individual businesses which do not permit specialisation in management functions. Consequently, technical advice and much R and D is provided from public funds. O.R. applications for agriculture have mainly been developed by Universities, Colleges, State Advisory Services and QUANGOS.The paper discusses some techniques used in agriculture—linear programming, dynamic programming and simulation—and outlines some problems encountered with these. Other techniques have had limited uptake and application. Reasons for the disappointing impact of O.R. are discussed as a set of problems-those specific to farmers and their systems; those specific to computer use; problems in recruiting and training O.R. specialists and problems in communication.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.91

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe EEC Commission is currently developing a system of environmental classification and mapping as an aid to regional planning in Europe. This paper describes the proposed system and discusses the method and its objectives in relation to experience gained in applying the proposals in South Yorkshire. It is argued that although the objectives of the project are laudable, the approach which has been adopted may be unrealistic due to deficiencies in the available data, lack of knowledge about the environmental systems under consideration, and some conceptual and technical shortcomings in the proposed model.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.92

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe decision problem concerning the replacement of members of a fleet of fork lift trucks during a period of inflation and economic uncertainty is considered. Based upon the analysis of data collected over a 2 year period of considerable inflation, a model of the expected operating costs for a truck is developed. The usual replacement criteria are not applicable here and an alternative criterion function based upon relatively short term estimates of costs and discount rate is presented. Using this function, the replacement decision is determined for both constant and variable discount rate situations.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.93

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMarginal pricing of electricity calls for the determination of marginal energy costs over time. The purpose of this paper is to provide a computationally efficient procedure for computing the time-dependent probability, under merit order operation and forced outages of units, that any given plant will be the last plant used in a given multi-plant power system. This then allows a straightforward calculation of expected marginal energy cost for the given-power system over time. Other performance measures are derived as a by-product at relatively little extra computational effort. The method is applied to a realistic system and numerical results are presented and discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.94

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for finding optimal, or near optimal, solutions for problems involvingmobjective functions, where there is an overall criterion which is a weighted sum of themobjective functions, but where the weights are, initially, unknown. The process is an interactive one, beginning with a set within which the actual weighting vector is known to lie, and progressively cutting down the size of the set until an acceptable solution is found. A by-product of the procedure is an iterative method for finding the generators of the polyhedral cones, within which the weighting vector must lie, at each stage.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.95

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn the classical "newsboy problem", one determines the optimum order quantity to maximize the expected profit. This paper considers the newsboy problem under two new objectives. The relevance of the first objective-"maximizing expected utility"-is well established in decision theory. This paper develops a group of formulas for handling the partial moments arising from adopting this objective, and these formulas are potentially useful to many other management models involving partial moments. The second objective-"maximizing the probability of achieving a budgeted profit"-is commonly adopted by managers but largely ignored in the literature. The analysis reveals some interesting results for determining the optimum order quantity under this objective.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.96

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA visual interactive method of improving solutions for the travelling salesman problem is described. The travelling or multiple travelling salesman problem, when constraints are included, forms the core of the local delivery routing problem. The approach described in this note may be modified to give a visual interactive method of investigating practical physical distribution problem situations.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.97

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1980.99

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor