摘要:

AbstractIncreased awareness of expert systems technology, and the availability of relevant software, has tempted many O.R. groups to investigate the expert systems approach. This paper considers the strategies open to O.R. groups interested in employing expert systems, reviews some of the relevant software, and discusses what those O.R. groups who have already investigated the use of expert systems methods are actually doing.Some of the authors' experience of developing expert systems is discussed. The development of an expert system that helps bankers analyse company accounts is presented. The use of expert system methods as vehicles for decision analysis, and the possibilities for producing systems that act as O.R. consultants are also discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.118

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes a pilot case study in the use of computer-based training (C.B.T.) in statistical process control (S.P.C.) for suppliers of parts and small components to a major manufacturer of automotive components. It is argued that C.B.T. has particular advantages over other forms of training, particularly where statistical concepts are involved.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.119

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCommunity nurses spend a relatively large proportion of their time travelling. If this could be reduced, benefits would include increased time for direct patient care and reduced costs. This paper describes a pilot study in the Dumfries and Galloway Health Board to see if computerized vehicle routeing could reduce the distance and time of travelling. It is concluded that problems with implementation and characteristics of nurses' journeys (particularly the short distances travelled between long stops) make it unlikely that net savings could be achieved using computers. Nonetheless, some benefits might be obtained by taking a rational look at aspects of nurses' travelling.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.120

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe D.S.S. to be considered in this paper is a real case study which is concerned with the raffle of the Greek popular lottery. The applied technique is an original one from the point of view of computational methods in operational research and can be applied in any organization which has a lottery. It is based on the construction of finite semi-groups or semi-Latin squares under stochastic conditions. The proposed technique, implemented on a mini-computer or an inexpensive microcomputer, finds a deterministic decision-table that corresponds to a stochastic problem.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.121

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSince September 1978, Memorial University of Newfoundland has registered its first-year students by a fully computerized timetabling and registration process. This system includes the provision of an individual class schedule for each student in a manner which optimizes the use of the University's classroom and timetable resources. This paper describes the reasons for the design of the computerized system, the characteristics of the system which was created, how the system currently works and its impact on the University. In particular, it illustrates how, given the appropriate administrative structure, the system can be used to help control (or even decrease) expenditures, at a time when increases in enrolment have outpaced those in budgets.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.122

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAll existing tests and criteria for model evaluation are based on the sum of squared residuals. These measures do not evaluate the performance of a model in predicting turning points in the variable of interest. Here, three tests are proposed to evaluate models on the basis of their ability to predict turning points and to give an unbiased prediction of the relative order of magnitude of changes. Five models are evaluated using the proposed tests. Results indicate that the tests expose facets of models thatR2and sum of squared residuals are unable to highlight. Hence, the tests are suggested to complement existing model evaluation techniques.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.123

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe establishment of a reorder point in an inventory control system typically requires values for the mean and the standard deviation of the demand during the replenishment lead time. These quantities are usually estimated from some sample demand data. In this paper, for a common type of control system, we develop the expected percentage cost penalty of using this approach as compared with knowing the true values of the mean and standard deviation. This should be of use to practitioners in developing guidelines as to how much sample data is needed to keep average cost penalties reasonably low.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.124

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper we report the results of a survey on the impact of microcomputers (micros) upon O.R. Questionnaires were mailed to 216 O.R. workers throughout the U.K. A response rate of 35% was achieved. Nearly half of the groups surveyed have a ratio of at least one micro to one user. These micros are mainly used for spreadsheets, programming, graphics and word-processing.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.125

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.126

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.127

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor