ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.100

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper sets out to consider O.R. as a problem-solving methodology in relation to other systems-based problem-solving methodologies. A‘system of systems methodologies’is developed as the interrelationship between different methodologies is examined along with their relative efficacy in solving problems in various real-world problem contexts. In a final section the conclusions and benefits which stem from the analysis are presented. The analysis points to the need for a co-ordinated research programme designed to deepen understanding of different problem contexts and the type of problem-solving methodology appropriate to each.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper sets out to explore the relationship between science and operational research practice by first distinguishing the activities that characterize and differentiate the scientific and professional (practice) perspectives. It is argued that these conflicting perspectives can be seen as underlying much of the controversy between scientists and practitioners. The paper seeks, however, to go beyond this controversy. Some currently changing conceptions of science itself will be examined, arising initially from the world of physical science but with implications for the social sciences also. The paper then examines how these might be deployed in aid of professional practice. The conclusion looks briefly at several methodological approaches which might prove helpful by providing frameworks for the reconciliation of scientists and practitioners. These differing approaches appear to derive from neither a purely normative nor a purely descriptive stance. Rather, they are characterized by a commitment to improve on best present practice—a process which is described as‘polishing practice’.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.102

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on a study in which delay-time analysis and snapshot modelling are jointly applied to model the downtime consequences of a high-speed production line maintained under an inspection system. It is seen that the model is capable of producing results in acceptable agreement with observation and, further, that the technique can be used to predict an efficient inspection frequency for existing plant and also for modified plant yet to be installed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.103

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA branch bank may decide to stock one or more foreign currencies to meet demands from its customers and may also accumulate foreign currency as a result of customer transactions. This paper presents the branch bank's foreign currency problem as an inventory management problem and derives good (and in many cases, optimal) decision rules for this type of cash management problem.While the model presented is similar to models which have been proposed for cash management, the foreign currency problem has a number of features which lead to distinct differences. The model was developed for the Canadian situation but is generalizable to any branch having a significant volume of foreign currency transactions.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.104

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is an argument to combine the methods of observation with O.R. techniques to form the basis of a management science process. The paper begins by defining a typology showing where observation methods seem to be most appropriate in O.R. interventions. This is followed by a section outlining some of the techniques and problems of observation as seen from the field of anthropology. Using this theory, combined with personal experience, an observation process is developed. An example of using the process is then given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.105

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper argues that an approach to policy modelling in public planning must deal with the existence of conflicts between actors holding constraint sets, rather than players with strategies able to affect each other's payoffs. This approach builds on the policy level language proposed by Shiv K. Gupta and Laurence D. Richards. Operational definitions of modelling variables, conflict situations and potential pairwise coalitions are given. The approach is simple enough to allow manual calculation in small-scale problems and has a matrix notation which enables the use of computer programs for large-scale problems. A conceptual example which illustrates the features of the proposed modelling approach is presented and discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.106

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA stochastic model for a hierarchically-structured company is presented which accounts for the effect on wastage of the internal structure of the company and the promotion experience of its employees. We differentiate two main reasons for leaving, owing to the company's internal structure, and the model is formulated on the basis of the joint probabilities of the employee being in service or having left the company because of either reason by timetand his promotion experience up tot. It is shown that the model provides a good fit to a variety of observed leaving patterns of five large companies, explains the relationship between a number of important occupational variables and is useful for planning purposes in predicting future developments.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.107

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis note sets out to counter the view that goal programming applied to diet planning offers little improvement over conventional linear programming techniques.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.108

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe explosion in the use of on-line computer systems has resulted in very large numbers of people being exposed to these systems and has added greatly to the importance of‘user-friendliness’.In this paper, a fresh approach, which makes‘option’selection easier, is described. The approach not only leads to user-friendly systems but also aids the design process, program development and testing, and system maintenance.The essence of the approach is that it leads to systems which conform to familiar patterns.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.109

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor