ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.210

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA new city is under construction in a developing country. The town will be organized in modules, and the population projection is established till the 90s.The ratio of medical personnel to inhabitants is fixed according to health policy criteria. The primary care system should be composed of a set of health centres which are identical with regard to equipment and personnel.The problem is to determine the number-and thus the size-of the health centres, and their location.The solution depends on two opposing factors: the total construction cost, which is increasing with the number of centres, and the walking distance for the patient, which is decreasing with the number of centres.For a given critical distance, we find-using techniques of location theory in network-the smallest number of centres that will ensure that all inhabitants are located within the critical distance.A Fortran program in which the sensitivity of the solution is studied as a function of the given critical distance is developed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.211

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCredit policies are shown to be important in the basic economic order quantity inventory model. An economic order quantity model is derived which explicitly considers possible credit periods allowed by suppliers. This model is shown to be very sensitive to the length of the credit period, and to the relationship between the credit period and inventory level. It is also shown to be more sensitive to estimates of demand for inventory items and less sensitive to order costs than the basic economic order quantity model. A practical example illustrates this sensitivity, shows how inventory costs may be considerably reduced by taking the existence of a credit period into account, and demonstrates the implications for inventory and credit policies.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.212

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe number of terminals used in a transportation network affects inventory, transportation and overhead costs. With few terminals, overhead and inventory costs tend to be small, but average travel distance through terminals is large. With many terminals, overhead and inventory costs are large, but average travel distance is small. As a first step toward analyzing this trade-off, this paper develops equations that quantify the relation between number of terminals and average travel distance. These equations are verified by applying them to an example involving the 37 largest cities in the United States. Average travel distance is shown to decrease slowly as the number of terminals increases, declining by no more than one third. Although adding terminals decreases travel distance somewhat, the marginal travel distance reduction quickly becomes quite small.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.213

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper deals with decision making in a set of circumstances intermediate between the classical extremes of pure risk and pure uncertainty. It extends the Cannon-Kmietowicz-Pearman methods of finding maximum and minimum expected values of strategies, when probabilities of occurrence of future states of nature can be ranked, to the more general case investigated by Kofler and Menges, in which a set of linear constraints is imposed on the probabilities. A general solution to the problem is obtained, and its relationship to earlier results is discussed. A new criterion for strategy choice, in the condition mentioned above, is also proposed. It recommends selection of a strategy with the highest minimum expected utility (maxEmin). The criterion arises naturally from the extension of the von Neumann-Morgenstern utility theory to the case of incomplete knowledge about the probabilities. These developments greatly enhance the attractiveness of the earlier results for applied work and lay foundations for further theoretical advances.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.214

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article illustrates the impact of estimation risk on decisions involving a one-period inventory problem such as the Christmas-tree stocking problem. It is shown that when estimation risk is ignored, stock levels may be incorrectly compiled and service levels may be inadequate. This article describes a regression-based method which adjusts the size of the stock by incorporating an additional safety stock requirement which reflects the uncertainty associated with lack of precise knowledge of the true parameters.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.215

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe paper explores the effectiveness of the major decision rules commonly applied to the selection of investment alternatives. The rules are applied to a continual stream of simulated investments, as they arise period by period throughout the planning horizon. Thus the dynamics of investing now rather than later, with capital rationing, are taken into account. The practitioners' preference for the payback period is examined for a typical series of simulated investments, and the returns are compared against the returns of the more academically acceptable discounting decision rules. Particular attention is devoted to the benefits of each of the decision rules with reference to both risk and average returns.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.216

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.217

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.218

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1984.219

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor