摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the activities of the Operational Research team of the Paris Transport Authority (the R.A.T.P.), but without going into the technical details of methods and results. The paper is in three parts:- general information on the O.R. team and its environment;- the history of its activities;-its present and future tendencies.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.46

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn hypothetical, but typical, example of defence procurement is used to illustrate the problems in Government of balancing costs with the services they provide. Difficulties arise because most Government activities cannot be measured in money terms and balanced in a profit and loss account. Commercial techniques for policy appraisal, such as discounting, seem to have limited relevance to the problems of managing departmental budgets where there is no recourse to a banker. A mathematical programme is used to solve the hypothetical problem and demonstrate that simplistic comparisons of the costs and utilities for various policy options yield little information. Good choices can be found, but are not always obvious ones. They are heavily dependent upon the richness of the problem context. Finally, the authors wonder to what extent the problems they ascribe to Government are also faced from time to time by Industry.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.47

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses research undertaken with the purpose of identifying methods of encouraging the usage of computer produced information and explains how the methods were implemented in the study organisations. The methodology underlying the research is discussed, explaining that a model was developed from the literature and subsequently refined and tested in field settings. The model variables are then explained in detail. Lastly, the results of the research undertaken to test the model's predictive abilities are discussed and a breakdown of usage of each subsection of the model is presented. An analysis of the methods by which the model variables were implemented in the study organisations is included for those persons who may desire to experiment with the model.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.48

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes two complementary studies concerning the maintenance and replacement of heavy haul railway track. Minimum cost policies are derived using decision networks in one case and a group replacement model in the other. The results indicate relatively large cost savings on current practice.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.49

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPotential users of the telephone in the Third World are often frustrated by lack of good access to the system or by its poor performance in terms of call delays. A research project has been carried out for a period of over three years addressed to the management of this‘mess’. The field work took place in Kenya and included a major survey of telephone users in two regions. Models have been developed in the areas of regional demand and corporate policy but it is argued that these are not necessarily the major contributors to the primary goal of increased understanding. The article describes the context of the research, gives an outline of the work which has been carried out and discusses implementation. Some inferences are drawn on the usefulness of O.R. in the Third World and on research into 'messes'.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.50

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the use of‘loop analysis’in the evaluation and validation of dynamic simulation models. The part that loop analysis plays in the overall validation process is described, and it is shown, by reference to the analysis of a complex model, how the model's behaviour may be investigated. The analysis proceeds by identifying some of the elements of system behaviour such as damping, phase-shifts and gain/delay factors, and, in the process, highlights those feedback loops that are pseudo-positive and/or unconformable. In addition to the validation aspect of the use of loop analysis, there is a valuable contribution towards the knowledge and insight of the model-builder, enabling him better to identify areas of the system which may benefit from re-design.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.51

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the development and application of a heuristic scheduling rule for the Testing Department of a tyre and rubber company. The company had set down five major objectives for this department: (1) minimize average flow-time; (2) maintain an average flow-time of less than two weeks; (3) maintain pre-set maximum individual test flow times; (4) assign a higher priority to important jobs; (5) maintain a balanced mix between truck and passenger tyres. A composite scheduling rule was designed to meet these objectives which contains the following four components: (a) slack-time per remaining operation; (b) shortest processing time; (c) an urgency factor to prioritize important jobs; (d) a balancing factor to enable a desired proportion between truck and passenger tyres. This composite rule is tested against the existing scheduling scheme used by the foreman and against the simple S.P.T. rule. The results are very encouraging.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.52

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this note a model for very slow moving items is developed in order to decide whether it is economic to have 0 or 1 item in stock. The model is applied to a real situation and substantial savings are obtained.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.53

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.54

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1983.55

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor