摘要:

AbstractA recent paper presented an operational research solution to the problem of evolution, which applies to both social and biological systems alike. This paper discusses some of the broader methodological issues connected with evolutionary systems, and highlights the significance of this operational research contribution to the development of scientific methodology in general.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.133

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTo enhance the research and application of mathematical programming and any other O.R. methodologies, it is desirable to investigate some‘general’models. This is particulary important in the development of decision support systems, where models play a significant role in management support. This study examines several applications of the maximal covering location planning (M.C.L.P.) model. They include data abstraction, statistical classification, cognitive process modelling, etc. In addition to demonstrating the wide applicability of the model, we also address some implementation issues associated with the applications of the M.C.L.P. model.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.134

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1977 onwards, D.S.I.R. has been developing an L.P. model to help the largest N.Z. dairy company plan its medium-term production. This time-staged model finds the most profitable daily production schedule of the various powder, casein, cheese and butter products. Computer reports and graphics show Company management how to allocate the milk available in the various farming regions to the Company's factories, and where to send the by-products for further processing.The L.P. models seasonal fluctuations in wholemilk availability and quality, as well as transport costs, factory capacities and costs, and product-yields and prices. Comparison runs have shown that the L.P. increases the profitability of the manual plan by over $5000 per day (because the computer can handle changing yields, factory costs and by-product processing). The model gives management the ability to adjust production plans quickly in response to improved information, new market opportunities and emergencies like plant breakdown.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.135

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers how much margin to allow when designing a large pipe network based on predictions of future gas supply and demand. Thus it deals with forecasting from the engineering aspect of how to cope with variations from the predicted pattern of events.The subject of the paper is the British Gas National Transmission System. The detail of the paper concerns some of the margins used to design the system, in particular their purpose, size and application.The methods used to analyse the margins are: simulation, regression, distribution fitting, convolution and risk analysis.The conclusion of the work is that different parts of the network require different sizes of margin to retain the same level of security, since the impact of localized forecasting errors and predicted plant failures varies significantly across the grid.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.136

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is a detailed account of an O.R. study into the balance between manpower and workload for Negas essential service operations outside normal working hours. A brief history of the project is described, with particular emphasis on the problems which had to be overcome. A simulation model was used for the study, and the choice of this approach, and its resulting benefits and drawbacks are also discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.137

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMany planning models can be formulated as large-scale linear goal-programming problems in which the analyst and user must establish thousands of objective-function weights that reflect the priorities of the many goals. How to select such weights so as to have the resulting optimal solution be a suitable compromise solution is the main focus of this paper. We first describe the problem setting that gave rise to the need, here military personnel planning, and then a process by which a set of goal priorities and objective-function weights can be developed using Saaty's analytic hierarchy process.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.138

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractResearch into computer systems to aid simulation model formulation has led to the construction of a natural language understanding system (N.L.U.S.). A description and short history of N.L.U.S.s leads into a discussion of the syntactic and semantic problems which have to be met. A classification scheme for N.L.U.S.s is proposed, and the simulation problem formulator described in this context.The N.L.U.S. simulation model formulator takes as input a sentence in English which conforms to a prescribed set of sentence structures. These restricted sentence structures resolve syntactic and semantic problems. The way in which the system accepts these sentences and organizes data structures based on them is outlined, along with the supporting error-handling mechanisms and editing facilities. A simulation model example is used to illustrate the flavour of the system by reference to complete interactive session listings.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.139

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractStochastic PERT is typically treated as a critical path problem, with the critical path having a univariate probability distribution. A method has been developed to treat the PERT problem as a multivariate problem taking into consideration correlation among paths, thereby providing a more accurate analysis of the network and its corresponding probabilities for completion time.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.140

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1986.142

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor