摘要:

AbstractThe paper sets out findings of a survey of leading exponents of decision analysis in the UK and USA. It examines the hypothesis that decision analysis is an example of a proven management tool which UK managers appear to have been slow to adopt. A number of recent developments in decision analysis are discussed, as is the changing pattern of its application. The paper concludes that there are several substantial differences in both the public and the private sector management environments in the two countries, which in combination have encouraged a significantly higher level of decision analysis application in the USA. Likely future developments are summarized, and suggestions given about avenues which could encourage higher levels of application in the UK.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.131

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, the authors describe a heuristic principle for the solution of an important class of problems. Using real-world examples, it is then shown how some difficult combinatorial problems are modelled and solved by the suggested principle. In one case, a detailed discussion of the implementation of the solution is also provided.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.132

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a weighting function for aggregating pre-emptive criteria into a representative composite in multicriteria assignment problems. The result is based on taking advantage of the bipartite graph structure of such problems. An application is presented which involves assigning faculty and personnel to parking lots at a large university.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.133

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA simple production-scheduling problem is used to illustrate one aspect of the modular decision-analysis approach. Superficially the approach illustrated resembles dynamic programming, but it provides considerably more flexibility and insight into the problem situation than conventional dynamic programming. The approach involves a forward iteration process, which exploits separability characteristics of the problem. A production schedule is built up by considering successive production periods up to the planning horizon. A central feature of the approach is the use of a series of two-dimensional state-action diagrams which portray feasible production strategies. Explicit representation of alternative strategies in this way greatly facilitates the determination of good strategies in terms of direct use of a criterion function and constraints, sensitivity and robustness analysis. The approach can be extended to handle more realistic problem situations, as indicated briefly.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.134

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe segregated storage problem consists of determining an optimal distribution of products among existing storage compartments such that at most one product may be stored in a given compartment. The problem is solved using linear programming, Lagrangean relaxation and multiplier adjustment techniques. The procedures are easily adapted to obtain good heuristic solutions quickly. Computational results are given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.135

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, a multi-centre, one-period inventory problem is examined. The usual penalty cost of being out of stock is replaced by an assurance of service constraint at each location. That is, the inventory size will be constrained to meet a specific maximum probability of being out of stock at each location. The objective will be to show how to find the necessary starting inventory of a centralized system where orders are processed on a first come, first served basis. This can then be used to find the savings associated with the centralized inventory over a non-centralized one.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.136

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA solution routine, based on iterative improvement of an initial solution, has been developed for vehicle-scheduling problems. The improving routine combines a number of very simple procedures, each of which tries to reduce the overall distance travelled by moving customers in a systematic way. Tests were run using standard problems, and results obtained were of good quality. An application of the procedure is described briefly.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.137

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper extends the various contributions that have been made in this area, and in particular addresses the following issues: (i) why trade credit is granted, and the effect on the basic model where it is with-drawn; (ii) the legitimacy of certain assumptions in the various models which have been put forward to date; (iii) the interaction of other stockholding costs, such as storage and deterioration costs, with trade credit; (iv) the implications for stockholding where a business can sell goods acquired on credit for cash before the suppliers have to be paid and the order lead-time is less than the credit period. The paper also reviews whether trade credit should be included in the weighted cost of capital, and whether the holding-cost function should include interest received on the sale price, rather than cost.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.138

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn evaluating feeding policy in livestock production, it is generally assumed that an optimal feeding policy will involve using least-cost rations throughout the production process. It is demonstrated that this assumption may not be valid when the supply of some of the feedstuffs used for livestock feeding is limited. A method for testing the validity of this assumption is presented for a linear programming model of an integrated crop and intensive beef production enterprise in which some of the crops may be used for livestock feeding, and an iterative solution procedure is proposed for cases where this assumption is not valid.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.139

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, a supplier's ordering and pricing problem has been formulated. A simple algorithm is given to determine (1) the supplier's order quantity, and (2) the unit selling price in order to maximize the supplier's profit. An example has been solved to illustrate the method.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1987.140

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor