DOI:10.1049/pi-1.1953.0031

出版商:IEE    

年代:1953

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The nuclear and thermal characteristics of a gas-cooled graphite-moderated reactor, as they affect the control of such plants, are described, and general principles of design are formulated. Interpretation of these principles in terms of main control elements follows, and examples of mechanisms and circuits involved are given. The special operating phases of starting up and shutting down unique to nuclear plants are analysed separately. Throughout the paper emphasis is laid on safety considerations, rendered important by the radioactive nature of the heat source and the exponential nature of nuclear power changes. In addition to the provision of properly designed safety devices, it is urged that the biggest safeguards come from a full understanding of the reactor transient and steady-state characteristics and their careful exploitation in the control-system design.

DOI:10.1049/pi-1.1953.0032

出版商:IEE    

年代:1953

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The influence of the phenomenon of “delayed” neutrons on the problem of automatically controlling the power level of a thermal nuclear reactor is described. The frequency-response characteristic of a reactor is obtained theoretically and shown to be confirmed experimentally; from it is derived an empirical transfer function. It shown that the observed response of the closed-sequence system controlling reactor power, following step changes in the desired power level, is in good agreement with the response calculated from this transfer function. Some practical uses of the analysis are indicated.

DOI:10.1049/pi-1.1953.0033

出版商:IEE    

年代:1953

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper discusses the principles involved in the detection of thermal neutrons and describes three types of detector used in the operation of natural-uranium graphite-moderated reactors, namely flux-scanning detectors, installed flux monitors and detectors used in association with automatic power-control plants. Flux-scanning detectors consist of linear assemblies of Chromel-—Alumel thermo-couples with alternate junctions coated with boron. Installed flux monitors employ discs of boron steel in place of the boron beads.Ionization chambers may be used as installed flux monitors, and they are also used for the starting-up and control of nuclear reactors; designs and characteristics of the standard chambers are given. The problem of the λ-ray sensitivity of such chambers is considered, and a design of a compensated chamber is described in which the sensitivity to λ-rays is reduced by a factor of 160. It is thought that compensated chambers of this type will be much used for the measurement of power level in future nuclear reactors, particularly in automatic power-control apparatus.

DOI:10.1049/pi-1.1953.0034

出版商:IEE    

年代:1953

数据来源: IET

DOI:10.1049/pi-1.1953.0039

出版商:IEE    

年代:1953

数据来源: IET