摘要:

AbstractCynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were immunized with porcine zonae pellucidae to assess the possible antifertility effects of the zona antibodies. Serum antibody titers were evaluated utilizing a rapid solid‐phase radioimmunoassay. Six of twelve monkeys conceived 6 to 10 wk after vaccination. All monkeys reached maximal antiserum titers by the time of conception, although the six animals that did not conceive had considerably lower antibody titers. Further pregnancies did not occur until antibody level had declined markedly, 8 mo after last immunization. The menses of all but one of the remaining six monkeys were interrupted intermittently. Also, the usual midcycle elevated estradiol levels were absent for several cycles. Both menses and midcycle estradiol peaks were reestablished in all but one monkey 3 to 5 mo after the last booster was given. Two monkeys conceived when serum antibody levels dropped to one fourth of maximal, but both had a still birth. Histological observations showed accumulation of luteal tissue and massive atresia of small follicles at the end of the study (18 mo). We conclude that through heteroimmunization with porcine zona pellucida monkeys can become infertile and that this condition is reversible. Because the zona preparation used in this study appeared to contain traces of nonzona material, it was not possible to determine whether the menstrual irregularities and oocyte atresia that we observed were owing to immunological effects on the zona itself or to the production of antibodies against other ovarian component

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plasma membrane of spermatogenic cells of the teleost Xiphophorus helleri was examined ultrastructurally and cytochemically in order to characterize the temporal development of the membrane specializations characteristic of the mature spermatozoon. Mature sperm display a mosaic distribution of Concanavalin A and Ricinus comrnunis I binding sites; the anterior region of the head displays an intense binding that is not seen in other surface regions. This asymmetric binding is evident in early spermatids and the area of lectin binding appears associated with the plasma membrane overlying the nucleus. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the plasma membrane over the anterior region of the head is characterized by an ordered glycocalyx and a tight adherence to the underlying nucleus. Additional membrane differentiations were revealed both in the midpiece region where a “submitochondrial net” is attached to the plasma membrane and at the base of the axoneme where the plasma membrane possesses a “collar‐like” arrangement of circumferential rings. The possible functions of these differentiations, as well as their correlation to differentiations seen in sperm of other animal groups, are

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA modified U‐shaped column is described for efficient isoelectric focusing of spermatozoa, other cells, and protein. The washed spermatozoa of the rabbit showed a PI of 4.4. After sonication, heads and tails focused at same pH, indicating similar and equal charg

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCulture conditions that support the in vitro development of many spermatogenic stages from the frog Xenopus laevis are described. Spermatogenic cells were dissociated with collagenase and preelongation stages aseptically isolated by density gradient centrifugation in Metrizamide. The cells were then cultured in modified forms of defined nutrient oocyte medium (DNOM). The development of spermatogenic cells was affected significantly by changes in fetal calf serum concentration, cell density, energy sources, and NaCl concentration. Optimum in vitro spermatid development was obtained when spermatogenic cells were cultured at relatively high densities (3–7 × l07cells/25 cm2) in DNOM modified to contain 10% heat‐inactivated, dialyzed fetal calf serum, 2 mM 1‐glutamine, 0.1 % glucose, 15 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4), and 38.3–48.3 mM NaCl. These culture conditions also supported the differentiation of preelongation spermatids and spermatocytes isolated by density‐gradient centrifugation in Metrizamide and subsequent unit gravity sedimentation in gradients of bovine serum albumin. Approximately 95 % of such isolated spermatids and spermatocytes continued differentiating in vitro for 14 days at in vivo rates. Phase‐contrast and electron microscopy of the cultured cells demonstrated that in vitro differentiation was morphologically normal between the leptotene and elongate spermatid stages. Autoradiographic studies of preleptotene development demonstrated that spermatogonia proliferated and preleptotene spermatocytes developed to zygotene in 12‐day cultures. The results suggest that many spermatogenic stages in Xenopus can develop independent of Sertoli cells, and demonstrate that spermatogenic cell cultures can now be used for in vitro studies of s

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral taurine‐related compounds, taurine antagonists and taurine uptake inhibitors were tested for their effect on hamster sperm motility in vitro. Hypotaurine was approximately three times more effective than taurine. N‐methyltaurine and taurocyamine were less effective. Inactive taurine‐related compounds were not effective blockers of taurine's spermtimulating activity. However, 1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐dimethylaminomethyl‐l‐propenone, a taurine uptake inhibitor, completely suppressed sperm motility at a molar concentration equal to, or less than, that of the taurine added to the incubation medium and also suppressed the motility‐sustaining action of t

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSperm nucleoprotein changes during male pronuclear development in fertilized sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) eggs have been examined utilizing the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) at the light and electronic microscopic levels of observation. Previous studies and control preparations indicated that the ASR has an affinity for basic proteins, staining intensely those rich in arginine residues. Differences in the affinity of the paternally derived chromatin to the ASR prior to, during, and following pronuclear development were observed. Relative to the female pronucleus the unincorporated sperm nucleus was densely stained. Upon its entry into the egg the sperm nucleus showed a two‐fold increase in staining, indicating an augmentation in the availability of reactive sites already present in the paternally derived chromatin or an accumulation of “new” reactive sites from the egg cytoplasm. With the dispersion of the sperm nucleus there was a progressive decrease in staining intensity of the paternally derived chromatin. Subsequent to pronuclear fusion the paternally derived chromatin, recognized by its relatively dense staining, was seen at one pole of the zygote nucleus. With time there was a gradual regression in the size and staining intensity of the paternally derived chromatin within the zygote nucleus. Changes in reactivity of sperm‐derived chromatin are discussed in reference to previous studies of chromatin transitions at fertil

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTissue pieces from the caput epididymidis of the rat were incubated in vitro with (35S) methionine to produce radioactive secretory proteins. The radioactive secretory proteins so formed were tested for their ability to bind to washed rat spermatozoa collected from the rete testis and cauda epididymidis, and to rat erythrocytes. The sperm and erythrocytes bound approximately 5% of the total radioactive protein. Binding was protein‐specific in that only selected proteins became associated with the cells. Binding was not cell‐specific, however, since testicular spermatozoa, caudal spermatozoa, and erythrocytes all bound the same proteins to a similar deg

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree successive generations of mice were fed a Torula yeast based Se‐deficient diet with or without 0.1 ppm Se in the drinking water. The Se‐deficient mice, in the course of three generations, showed a decrease in body weight, testis weight, epididymal weight, and sperm production. The percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm increased in successive generations. The majority of sperm defects were found in the midpiece region of the tail. Many of these aberrant sperm were motile. A progressive decrease in fertility was noted during the first two generations of Se deficiency. This system confirms the essential role of Se in spermatogenesis and provides a model for the evaluation of the primary effect of Se deprivation on the structural development of sp

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelenium‐deficient male mice were obtained by feeding a selenium‐deficient diet for three successive generations to Swiss‐Webster mice. Examination of epididymal sperm by transmission electron microscopy revealed progressively increasing alterations in the shape and arrangement of mitochondria within the midpiece. Other midpiece anomalies included acute bends, disorientation of the axoneme and dense fibers, and cytoplasmic masses at atypical locations. Some cross sections showed both the principal piece and midpiece within the same plasma membrane. Negatively stained whole mounts of mitochondrial ghosts prepared from epididymal sperm of normal and first‐generation selenium‐deficient mice and rats indicated that the selenium‐deficient ghosts were smaller, less curved, and more fragile than those of normal sperm mitochondria. Thus, selenium appears to be required for the normal development or stabilization of mitochondria1 shape during spermiogenesis in th

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA major soluble protein occurring in two forms, a monomer (protein L) and a polymer, has been identified in the voluminous secretory granules produced by the epithelium of Lacerta vivipara epididymis. An antiserum was raised against protein L and used as an immunohistochemical probe. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy has indicated that protein L is able to bind to the heads of the spermatozoa. By incubating spermatozoa with buffers of increasing ionic strength and by using nonionic detergents it was not possible to remove completely the protein L. Therefore it was concluded that the binding of protein L to the spermatozoa was not labile and might play an important role in the physiology of the spermatozoa, which is presently under investigation with this convenient model.

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120070411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY