摘要:

AbstractThe effect of liquid storage and cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa on sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and the penetration of zona‐free hamster (ZFH) ova was examined. The sperm penetration assay (SPA) provides valuable information on specific events of fertilization and is a potentially useful indicator of sperm fertility. Ejaculated semen from 4 boars was subjected to 3 treatments: fresh (FRE, no storage), liquid‐stored (LIS, stored at 18°C for 3 days), and frozen (FRO, frozen by pellet method and stored at −196°C for 3 days). A highly motile sperm population was isolated by the swim‐up procedure (1 hr). FRE and LIS were incubated an additional 3 hr at 39°C in a Tris‐buffered medium to elicit capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Sperm motility and acrosomal integrity were assessed before and after incubation. For the SPA, sperm and eggs were incubated at 39°C for 3 hr in Hams F‐10 medium. Each egg was assessed for sperm penetration, sperm binding, and stage of development. Percentages of sperm motility and sperm with a normal apical ridge (NAR) prior to incubation were 78 and 78 (FRE), 75 and 69 (LIS), and 28 and 50 (FRO). After incubation, percentages of motility, NAR, and acrosome‐reacted sperm were 34, 10, and 73 (FRE); 43, 24, and 51 (LIS); and 18, 13, and 59 (FRO). A somewhat higher (P<.05) percentage of ZFH ova was penetrated by FRE (45.8) than by LIS (42.0). Penetration of ZFH ova by FRO was markedly (P<.05) reduced (30.2). Sperm penetration was not significantly correlated with motility or acrosomal integrity before or after incubation, regardless of treatment. These data suggest that the SPA can be used in conjunction with conventional measures of semen analysis in assessing the potential fertilizing capacity of boar sperm and that liquid storage is superior to frozen storage with respect to preservin

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the effect of low temperature storage on mouse oocytes we (1) examined the capacity for normal development of embryos derived from frozen oocytes fertilized in vitro after transfer to pseudopregnant foster mothers and (2) analyzed the chromosome complement at the first cleavage division. Fewer frozen than control oocytes were fertilized (36% vs 66%), but after embryo transfer the proportion of fertilized eggs that implanted (67–68%) and formed normal foetuses (50–53%) was similar in the two groups. Freezing did not affect the observed incidence of aneuploidy (1.5–3.3%). The frequency of polyploid embryos derived from frozen oocytes was almost double that of controls (15.8% vs 8.5%), but it is unclear whether this is a real effect of freezing or is an artifact produced by the chromosome preparation tech

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMurine cauda epididymal sperm contain sites on the plasma membrane over the apical portion of the acrosome that recognize proteinase inhibitors and the homologous zona pellucida. Ten times more of the component can be extracted from cauda and ductus sperm than from equal numbers of caput and corpus sperm. Likewise, few sperm from the upper epididymal regions are able to bind seminal inhibitor, while the majority of sperm from the cauda and ductus do bind. Cauda epididymal and ductus sperm lose little of their ability to bind inhibitor after a 4‐hour in vitro incubation in either a capacitating or a noncapacitating medium. The percentage of naturally inseminated sperm with the seminal inhibitor bound to their surface decreases to about 10 after 4 hours in utero. Approximately 80% of these sperm show positive fluorescence when given the opportunity to rebind the inhibitor, and these sperm do have an intact plasma membrane over the apical portion of the acrosome. Furthermore, after 4 hours in utero, the inhibitor bound in the same region of the sperm head as it did on freshly ejaculated sperm. The seminal inhibitor inhibits the binding of sperm to the zona if added during the first 15 minutes of incubation but has no effect on attachment.The data indicate that sperm gain the ability to bind the seminal inhibitor during the epididymal sojourn. Furthermore, this binding capacity is not lost during in vitro or in utero incubation. The site is not involved in sperm‐zona attachment but does participate in the binding of sperm to the z

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn human seminal plasma a family of proteins that is immunologically related to the RSV‐IV protein secreted under androgen control from the epithelium of the rat seminal vesicles was detected by a radioimmunoassay. Evidence for the origin of these antigens from human seminal vesicle is presented. Quantitative measurements of this family of proteins were performed in men with low levels of serum testosterone (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) and in individuals having serum testosterone in the normal range of values but carrying sex chromosome aberrations (Klinefelter's syndrome). In the first case we have found a marked decrease in the total amount of the RSV‐IV‐related proteins. An increase of about 40% in the total amount of these antigens was obtained in these subjects by gonadotropin treatment. A decreased amount of these proteins was also detected in the subjects affected by Klinefelter's syndrome. The possibility that some factor(s) under genetic control is involved, in addition to testosterone, in the regulation of this family of proteins is disc

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCattle follicular oocytes cultured in vitro for 24–33 h were treated with ethanol to induce artificial activation. When oocytes were cultured for 27–33 h before ethanol treatment, 60–68% of oocytes were activated and were found to have a female pronucleus(ei). In contrast, maturation culture of oocytes for 24–26 h resulted in low activation rates (25–38%). The female pronucleus was formed in the activated oocytes within 8–10 h of incubation after ethanol treatment. And it became visible under interference‐contrast microscope by centrifugation for 3 min at 15,000g and 10 min at 20,000g. These results indicate that ethanol treatment is effective for activation of cattle follicular oocytes and that the pronucleus formed in the activated oocyte can be visualized by c

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCyclic nucleotide levels in the oocytes of the surf clamSpisula solidissimawere measured during germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) induced by fertilization. The level of cAMP and cGMP in untreated oocytes was 8.23 ± 0.95 and 4.89 ± 0.39 pmol/106oocytes. The ratio of cAMP to cGMP ranged from 1.5 to 2.0. The cAMP level inSpisula oocytesfluctuated after fertilization and before GVBD. The cGMP level showed minimal fluctuation, with a tendency to decrease initially followed by a subsequent rise to the basal level in a nonsynchronous manner. These changes were not statistically significant. There was a general increase in protein phosphorylation during the period after fertilization and before GVBD. The greatest increase occurred with proteins of estimated molecular weights of 52, 18, and 12 kD, analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiograph

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTethya citrinais an oviparous demosponge in which eggs are distributed in clumps within the choanosome. The cytoplasm of the mature egg presents a peripheral cortex consisting of a slightly granular layer sandwiched between two densely granular, vesiculated ones. The cortex probably has a specialized, trophic function. Mesohyl bacteria are phagocyted at the egg surface, included in vacuoles, and transferred across the cortical sheath toward the inner cytoplasm. The region of the egg extending between the cortex and the nucleus shows a lacunary system mostly developed beneath the cortical envelope. The noncortical cytoplasm also contains lipid droplets, dense rodlike bodies, and phagosomelike granules. Most of the latter are probably autophagosomes, forming lacunae and supporting autosynthetic vitellogenesis. Rodlike inclusions are probably proteinaceous; they likely originate within the phagosomes and represent the actual yolk material.

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe embryo of the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratushatches from the fertilization envelope (FE) via synthesis and secretion of a hatching enzyme and by ciliary activity. Although the basic characteristics of the hatching enzyme are known, little is understood about changes in the FE during hatching. We have studied the biochemical changes in FEs during hatching. Polyacrylamide gel analysis revealed an increasingly complex polypeptide spectrum of the extractable fraction of FEs isolated during development. Immunoblotting of these polypeptides (using antiserum against the soluble polypeptides extracted from FEs isolated at 30 minutes postinsemination) revealed a decrease in the soluble FE components during hatching. Immunochemical analysis of hatching medium showed a strong correlation between the soluble FE components released and the hatching interval. Immunoblotting of hatching media indicated the presence of soluble FE polypeptides of similar and lower molecular weights than those obtained for extracts of FEs. These results imply that the hatching‐associated changes in the FE of Spurpuratusoccur via proteolysis of FE components, which are derived from the paracrystalline protein fraction, a subset of cortical granule protein

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY