摘要:

AbstractA high frequency (42%) of sperm from the inbred homozygous mouse strain PL/J are abnormal. Head shape abnormalities occur in 15% of the total sperm; and 27% of the sperm are headless, with the mitochondria condensed into a mass at the caudal end of the midpiece region. The sperm without heads exhibit relatively normal motility. Electron microscopy of the testes indicates that some of the abnormal sperm in PL/J males result from a failure of the paired centrioles to attain a normal position on the nucleus opposite the acrosome prior to implantation, or to attach at all. The centrioles that are not attached to the nuclear envelope can differentiate to form the principal piece and midpiece region. The frequency of headless variants in heterozygous F1indicates that the trait is mainly recessive. The offspring from the backcross of the F1to homozygous PL/J parents did not give a clear‐cut segregation pattern. The frequency of abnormal sperm in the F1and the backcross is higher when the female parent is a PL/

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPurkinje cell degeneration (pcd) is a neurological mutation in the mouse that causes male sterility, but not female sterility. In order to assess the effects of this mutation on spermiogenesis, the structure of the testis and of epididymal spermatozoa was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In the mutant males, the sperm count was reduced, sperm were nonmotile, and 93% of the sperm were characterized by structural abnormalities of the head, the tail, or both. In the testes of mutant mice, Sertoli cell structure was normal, as were also the early stages of spermiogenesis. However, the elongating and maturing spermatids were characterized by abnormally shaped heads and tails with extraneous and ectopic outer dense fibers. These defects were common in the testes of the mutant mice and rare in the testes of the littermate control mice. It was concluded that the structural abnormalities of thepcdsperm occurred during spermiogenesis and were not due to degeneration of the sperm in the epididymis. These structural abnormalities are similar to those found in all other reported male sterile mutants of the mouse; therefore, although they are caused by the expression of thepcdgene, they are not unique to the expression of this gene.

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA factor which dissolves the vitelline layer was extracted from sperm of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Turbidity of the suspension was reduced when isolated vitelline layers were mixed with this sperm factor. When the mixture was subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, some of the protein bands of the vitelline layer were seen to be missing. The lytic activity of the factor was heat labile, completely inhibited by L‐1‐tosyl‐amide‐2‐phenyl‐ethylchloromethyl ketone and partially inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Chymotrypsin activity was detected, but not trypsin, arylsulfatase, or glycosidase. These results suggest that a chymotrypsin‐like enzyme participates in lysis of the vitelline layer by the fertilizing

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the male antifertility agent, α‐chlorohydrin, six of its derivatives, and glycidol were studied on the metabolism of washed ram spermatozoa in vitro with fructose as substrate. The α‐chlorohydrin derivatives were the amino, the phosphorylated, and four glycol‐bridge (ketal) compounds. All compounds except glycidol, in a concentration between 0.1 and 100 mM, reduced the aerobic glycolsis and/or oxidation of fructose. However, there was not a high correlation between the ability of these compounds to inhibit the metabolism of ram spermatozoa in vitro and their antifertility activity when administered to male rats. Other factors are clearly involved in their antifertility activity, eg, the concentration of the compounds in the epididymis and their conversion of either more or less spermicidal compounds in t

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFertilization and ionophore activation of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata were inhibited in the presence of six analogs of the dye fluorescein. The concentration of any one dye needed for blockage of sperm or Ca‐ionophoremediated activation in 50% of the eggs (I50) was a function of the dye's lipid solubility. Substantially higher concentrations of each dye were required to block activation by Ca‐ionophore (A23187) than were needed to inhibit sperm activation. A detailed study of the action of Erythrosin B (tetraiodofluorescein) showed that its effects were readily reversible. The I50concentration of Erythrosin B increased as temperature increased from 10 to 25°C. The kinetics of blockage indicated that Erythrosin B blocked some early step in the program of fertilization. The results suggest that these anionic dyes may inhibit fertilization by preventing successful sperm‐egg

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of goat antiserum against isolated pig zonae pellucidae on fertilization in vivo was examined in the pig, cow, sheep, rabbit, rat, and mouse. As shown by indirect immunofluorescence, anti‐pig zona serum reacted strongly with the zonae of pig, cow, sheep, and rabbit, but the reaction with the zonae of mouse and rat was weak. Passive immunization with anti‐pig zona serum significantly, or completely, inhibited fertilization in all species. However, inhibition of fertilization was more pronounced in the pig, cow, sheep, rabbit, and mouse than in the rat. Inhibition of fertilization in the rabbit was also observed after passive immunization with antiserum absorbed with rabbit liver and kidney. All of the zonae recovered from the pig, cow, sheep, rat, and mouse after passive immunization with anti‐pig zona serum exhibited strong fluorescence, regardless of the incidence of fertilization. It was concluded that the pig and other mammalian zonae pellucidae tested have tissue‐specific a

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the mosquito Aedes notoscriptus nine accessory tubules develop from the doublets of the axoneme whose single central fibre forms late in spermiogenesis. The 9 + 9 + 1 mosquito sperm‐tail propagates two waves of differing frequency and amplitude. The structural basis for the movement is of interest.Mosquito sperm were demembranated until all movement ceased and were reactivated with a solution containing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They immediately moved in a normal fashion. Like untreated sperm, they always propagated double waves. This indicates that the plasma membrane does not control the double wave.After sonicating sperm treated as above, the high‐frequency, low‐amplitude waves sometimes propagated alone beyond a damaged region of sperm‐tail, whereas the large‐amplitude, low‐frequency waves never propagated alone beyond a damaged region. This suggests that the latter waves are generated by an anterior site, possibly the centriole or centriole adjunct. The structure that propagates the large amplitude wave is not known; possibly the accessory tubules may slide against the axonemal doublets.Any region of the sperm‐tail is capable of generating and propagating the low‐amplitude, high‐frequency wave, for which the structure responsible is pro

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120040301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY