摘要:

The development of genetic models for research on hypertension and stroke, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke‐prone SHR (SHRSP), have contributed not only to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of hypertension‐related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but also to their prediction and prevention. Since both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and stroke in SHR and SHRSP, the detection of the genetic factors and the control of environmental factors have been proven to be useful as predictive and preventive measures against hypertension and related CVD. Early rise in blood pressure, sympathetic overre‐sponsiveness, early development of cardiovascular hypertrophy, increased salt sensitivity and membrane abnormalities detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHR and SHRSP, which are related to the pathogenesis of hypertension, have been examined for their applicability to the prediction of hypertension in man. Pathogenic mechanisms of stroke in SHRSP have been studied by electron microscopy, and VSMC degeneration and necrosis were noted to start at the outer media of intracerebral arteries which were exposed to local hypoxia and hyponutrition due to limited diffusion through the blood brain barrier. Macrophages are involved in the process of arterionecrosis with fibrin deposition in SHRSP, and their involvement has also been proven immunohistochemically in human autopsy cases. Moreover, reduction of regional cerebral blood flow, hypoxic vulnerability of the brain detected by the NMR techinique and additional cellular abnormalities such as membrane fragility and accelerated lipid incorporation may possibly be applied to the prediction of stroke and atherosclerotic diseases in man. On the other hand, experimental control of cellular, neural and vascular mechanisms of hypertension and stroke in these animal models have been proven to be effective for the prevention of CVD not only pharmacologically but also non pharmacologically by dietary sodium reduction, and increased intake of potassium, calcium, protein and dietary fiber. The applicability of dietary control of hypertension and stroke to humans has been supported by our epidemiological studies in Japan as well as by the WHO coordinated international cooperative study on cardiovascular diseases and alimentary comparison (WHO CARDIAC study). These new experimental and epidemiological findings are extending new horizons in medicine, where the main medical activity should be focused on the prediction of diseases by detecting genetic disposition as well as on prevention by the control of environmental factors. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 683‐70

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N‐Propyl N nitrosourea (PNU) is known to be a strong leukemogen, inducing myelogenous leukemia or thymic lymphoma in some strains of rat. The thymic lymphoma‐genic effect of PNU has been demonstrated in F344 rats. On the other hand, the BUF/Mna rat has been established as an inbred strain that develops spontaneous thymomas after one year of age. In the present experiment, PNU was continuously administered in drinking water to male and female BUF/Mna rats starting at 5 weeks of age. Thymic lymphomas were induced in all PNU treated rats with an average latent period as short as 14 experimental weeks. These results show the high susceptibility of the BUF/Mna rat to the lymphomagenic activity of PNU. The BUF/Mna rat is an ideal strain for studies on epithelial cell‐lymphocyte interaction, not only in the development of thymic lymphomas but also in that of spontaneous thymoma. Karyotypes of twelve primary thymic lymphomas induced by PNU were analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities were often found in chromosomes 11 and 2. In some types of abnormality, dup (llq) and del(2q) were most frequently observed. In addition, trisomy of chromosome 7, on which the c myc gene is mapped, was observed in five lymphomas, and monosomy of chromosomes 20 and X in six and five cases, respectively, though these changes were generally observed in a minor cell population in each case. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 706‐71

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The process of angiogenesis was studied under serum‐free conditions using rat aortic segments in three‐dimensional collagen gel. In serum‐free and growth factor free conditions, the capillaries formed networks and tube‐like structures, and the endothelial cells produced von Willebrand factor, laminin and type IV collagen, but the number of capillaries was lower and their growth was slower than in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS). Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and inhibition of growth by hydroxyurea suggested that capillary growth depended mainly on cell proliferation and not on migration. Capillary growth in PRMI 1640 or DM EM was similar and more efficient than in MEM. Only slight growth was seen in Medium 199 and HAM‐F12. The addition of serum to the medium accelerated capillary growth in proportion to the amount added. In serum‐free conditions, ITS(+) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) promoted capillary growth, but not to a significant extent. There ware no differences in capillary growth among the gel matrices used (type I collagen, type I+ 11 collagen, type I IV collagen, fibrin and p

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Localization of type III procollagen mRNA in human liver was studied byin situhybridization using human 0‐1(111) procollagen cDNA. Frozen and paraformaldehyde‐fixed sections of biopsied human liver from patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were examined using the digox‐igenin labeled cDNA probe. Localization of the type III procollagen mRNA was demonstrated not only in the cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells but also in a large number of hepatocytes, in proportion to the extent of fibrosis. These results suggest that hepatocytes play an important role in fibrogenesis in the

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Morphometric and cell kinetic studies were performed on normal mucosa in 30 specimens of surgically resected colorectum. The average crypt length was 372 ± 57μm in the proximal colon and 506 ± 65μm in the distal colon, and the average cell numbers per crypt column in these regions were 76.4 ± 8.9 and 80.3 ± 8.8, respectively. In the proximal and distal colon, goblet cells constituted 23.3 ± 3.4% and 25.2 ± 4.0%, respectively, of the total cells in each crypt, and in both regions entero chromaffin cells constituted about 1%. The labeling indices of the proximal and distal colon were 9.4 ± 3.9% and 8.2 ± 2.2%, respectively. Combined microautoradiography and periodic acid Schiff reaction on selected cases revealed that the labeling indices of columnar cells and goblet cells were 11.0 ± 2.0% and 7.0 ± 3.2%, respectively. It was suggested that the increased number of larger goblet cells in crypts of the sigmoid colon and rectum resulted in an increase of crypt length and a decrease in the labeling index. These results provide information on the morphological and cell kinetic characteristics of normal mucosa of the colon and rectum. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 72

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report the results of clinicopathological and histochemical studies on 64 renal adenomas found in 22 patients. We selected typical renal adenomas for these studies, discarding borderline lesions. The ages of the patients ranged from 42 to 84 years, with an average of 61 years. Male to female sex ratio was 6.3:1. The background conditions included renal cell carcinoma, long‐term dialysis, chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 mm in maximum diameter, with an average of 0.9 mm. All the tumors were located in the cortex, especially in the superficial one‐third. The cytoplasm of the tujntfr celis vtas predominantly eosinophilic, and the tumor structure Was predominantly papillary. Histochemical study of IS adenomas from 13 patients demonstrated that all of the adenomas were positive for EMA, and for at least one marker of the distal tubulus, i.e., DBA, PNA, SBA and PKK1, and that 9 adenomas/ were positive for at /east one marker of the proximal tubulus, i.e., LM1 and/LTA. Renal adenomas had predominant histochemical features of the distal tubulus, suggesting differentiation to a distal tubulus‐like histology. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 731 736,

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to demonstrate the ultrastructural localization of the α subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the stomach mucosa, an immunoelectron microscopic study was performed using formalin‐fixed specimens. In pyloric glands, α hCG‐positive granules were irregular in outline, with a mean area and maximum diameter of 2.857 × 104nm2and 218.4 nm, respectively. In fundic glands, the granules had a smoother outline and were larger in both area and maximum diameter (3.943 × 104nm2, 246.8 nm) than those of pyloric glands (p<0.001). In the atrophic fundic glands of non antral gastritis, the αhCG granules showed a differece in shape; more elliptical granules appeared to be increased, as indicated by the higher value of the axial ratio (1.452) and lower value of D (1.862) (log10area ∞ D log10perimeter) compared with those in pyloric (1.231, 1.968) and fundic glands (1.148, 1.979) (p<0.001). The a‐subunit of hCG is thus Incorporated into different types of endocrine cell in pyloric and fundic glands, and the granule morphology appears to differ in hyperplastic αhCG cells of non‐antral gastritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma, each composed of an intimate mixture of numerous abnormal blood vessels and various‐sized fat, spindle and/or epithelioid cells, are presented along with the findings of an electron microscopic study. The spindle cells were confirmed to be smooth muscle by immunohistochemical staining for des‐min and by their ultrastructural characteristics. The mature fat cells, smooth muscle cells, immature short spindle cells apparently intermediate or transitional between the former two cell types, and the epithelioid cells were observed adjacent to the endothelial cells. Ultra‐structurally, the epithelioid cells were characterized by unusual cytoplasmic organelles such as myofilaments having focal densities and dense attachments, numerous large electron‐dense bodies, and a large number of glycogen particles and lipid droplets. Therefore, it is considered that the immature short spindle and epithelioid cells in hepatic angiomyolipoma might be primitive mesenchymal cells having an ability to differentiate toward both smooth muscle and fat cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 39 : 743‐

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of malignant spindle cell tumor occurring in the pericardium in presented. The tumor arose from the pericardium of a 51‐year‐old Japanese woman with no history of exposure to asbestos. The tumor extended into the pericardial and left pleural cavities. The primary and metastatic tumors consisted of fusiform cells with frequent mitoses. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells possessed a discontinuous external lamina, cytoplasmic processes, microfilaments and desmosomal intercellular junctions. Immunohistochemical examination showed that most tumor cells were positive for Leu 7, and several for S 100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unexpectedly, most of the tumor cells also expressed keratin. These findings favor a diagnosis of sarcomatous mesothelioma with aberrant antigenic expression or heterogeneous differentiation of neoplastic cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 750‐754,

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 24 year old woman was admitted to hospital because of hirsutism, virilism and amenorrhea, which had appeared 6 months earlier. Endocrinological evaluation showed a slightly elevated serum level of testosterone (1.2 ± 0.05 ng/ml), normal plasma levels of dehydroepiandroste‐ronesulfate (DHEA‐S) (2,070 ± 6 ng/ml), androstenedione (1.8 ± 0.5 ng ml) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG)(42 ± 3nM/L); there was normal urinary 17 keto‐steroid (17‐KS) excretion (11.7 mg 24 h), low urinary estrogen (E) excretion (3 + 0.4//g 24 h), suppressed basal gonadotropin concentrations (LH 0.9//III ml; FSH 3.2,uUI/ml) and an exaggerated response to the LH RH test. At laparotomy, a monolateral ovarian tumor was found, which was proved histologically to be a Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumor. After tumor ablation, a regular menstrual cycle followed and progressive reduction of virilism was noted. This was followed within 4 months by complete normalization of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone serum levels. The responsiveness to LH RH also became normalized. Two years after this operation, the patient had a normal pregnancy. This case of virilization in a woman affected by a benign Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumor was primarily characterized by an unusual response of the hypothalamo pituitary axis against an endocrinological background of notable alteration of the androgen/estrogen ratio, where the androgens were slightly increased and the estrogens greatly reduced. Acta Pathol Jpn

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1989.tb02426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY