摘要:

Proteoglycans are glycosylated proteins which have cova‐lently attached highly anionic glycosaminoglycans. Many forms of proteoglycans are present In virtually all extracellular matrices of connective tissues. The major biological function of proteoglycans derives from the physicochemical characteristics of the glycosaminoglycan component of the molecule, which provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compressional forces. This function is best illustrated by the most abundant proteoglycan in cartilage tissues, aggrecan. During the past decade, diverse species of proteoglycans have been identified in many connective tissues, on cell surfaces and in intracellular compartments. These proteoglycans have distinct biological functions apart from their hydrodynamic functions, and their involvement in many aspects of cell and tissue activities has been demonstrated. For example, decor‐in, which is widely distributed in many connective tissues, may have functions in regulating collagen fibril formation and in modifying the activity of transforming growth factor‐β; perlecan, the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the glomerular basement membrane, may play an important role as the major anionic site responsible for the charge selectivity in glomerular filtration. Specific interactions between proteoglycans (through both their glycosaminoglycan and core protein components) and macromolecules in the extracellular matrix are the key factors in the functions of proteoglycans. Exciting biological functions of proteoglycans are now gradually em

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To further the understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms involved in spontaneous autoimmune sialoadenitis of aging BDF1mice, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were undertaken. Eighteen of 19 aging BDF1mice, 23–27 months of age, developed sialoadenitis spontaneously. By light and electron microscopy, it was observed that the submandibular gland lesion was characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration in the periductal and perivascular areas often accompanied by parenchymal destruction. Immunohistochemically, T cells predominated. The ratio of CD4+to CD8+T cells ranged from 0.5:1 to 2.9:1, with an average of 1.4:1. It seems likely that not only CD4+cells, but also CD8+cells, play a major role in submandibular gland inflammatory reactions of aging BDF1mic

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pathomorphologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating dilated cardiomyopathy in the late stage (HCM‐DCM) were compared with those of ordinary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Seven autopsied hearts with HCM‐DCM and 11 with HCM were assessed quantitatively using an image analyzer. Unlike HCM, significant left ventricular enlargement and wall thinning were observed in HCM‐DCM, and the percentage areas of massive fibrosis and disarray were significantly greater. In HCM‐DCM, the disarray was distributed diffusely, whereas massive fibrosis was distributed more intensively in the ventricular septum and anterior wall than in the lateral and posterior wall. Narrowing of intramyocardial small arteries was observed more frequently in HCM‐DCM, especially in the ventricular septum and anterior wall, than in HCM. These results suggest that the enlargement and wall thinning of the left ventricle in HCM‐DCM are attributable to non‐uniform progression of massive fibrosis, which is closely related to small‐a

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The versatility of non‐radioactive cell‐cycle analysis in detecting endogenous nuclear antigens of the proliferating cells was evaluated. Optimal conditions for immunostaining varied in fixation and pretreatment procedures among antigens, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki‐67 epitope, DNA polymerase α and PCNA. A significant correlation between BrdU labeling index (LI) was observed in each positive ratio (PR, positive/total neoplastic cells) for nuclear antigens in tumor‐sections which had been labeledin vivowith BrdU. The best correlation was observed in Ki‐67 PR (y = 1.26x+ 2.5;y= Ki‐67 PR;x= BrdU LI;r= 0.97). To determine its prognostic value, Ki‐67 analysis was applied to the surgically resected lung tumors. Ki‐67 PR were different according to the histologic types of the tumors: 47.8 ± 3.4% in small cell carcinoma; 29.5 ± 3.5% in squamous cell carcinoma; 28.3 ± 4.7% in large cell carcinoma; 15.2 ± 1.8% in adenocarcinoma and 0.1 ± 0.1% in mature carcinoid tumor. When the mean value was used to divide each type to a higher or lower proliferative activity (15% Ki‐67 PR for adenocarcinoma and 30% for squamous cell carcinoma), the group with the lower Ki‐67 PR showed a significantly more favorable prognosis than that of a higher ratio. Ki‐67 PR was not correlated with other pathologic factors such as size, lymph node metastasis or pleural involvement. Non‐radioactive cell‐cycle analysis was feasible and useful for detecting endogenous nuclear antigens even in the lung tumors, particularly when the analysis was

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant among germ cell tumors in the testis. However little is known about the early stage of its development. To understand the development of testicular choriocarcinomas, twenty cases of testicular choriocarcinoma were studied histologically and immuno‐histochemically. It was found that in the early stage of development, choriocarcinomas imitate the morphologic or functional differentiation of normal trophoblasts. It was also found that some choriocarcinomas regress spontaneously in the early stage. The majority of choriocarcinomas seemed to develop by first going through the embryonal carcinoma phase. However there were some choriocarcinomas that showed no relationship with embryonal carcinom

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) reported previously to be of simian virus (SV40) etiology was re‐evaluated. The supernatant from a 10% homogenate of brain material was inoculated into African green monkey kidney cells and BSC‐1 cells which are permissive for SV40. However no cytopathic effect (CPE) developed and no virus was isolated. The brain supernatant agglutinated human group O erythrocytes and contained 5120 units/mL.The Hirt supernatant from the brain contained three DNA bands corresponding to forms I, II and III of circular double‐stranded viral DNA. Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis revealed that this viral DNA was different from SV40 DNA, but similar to JC virus DNA. After cloning of this viral DNA into pBR322 at theBamHI site, DNA homology of this virus and of SV40 was investigated. The cloned DNA hybridized with all fourHpaI/EcoRI fragments of SV40 genome at the effective temperature (Tm) of −50°C. At Tm −28°C, however, the cloned DNA hybridized with onlyHpaI/EcoRI fragment B of the SV40 genome. In contrast to this, JC virus DNA hybridized with all fiveEcoRI/BamHI/HindIII fragments of cloned DNA even at Tm −28°C. Therefore, the causative agent of this PML case was not SV4

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of a 71 year old woman who experienced weight loss, diarrhea and edema due to protein‐losing enteropathy caused by amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis is described. Amyloid deposits were found in the systemic organs, specifically in the bowel. The arterioles were massively involved within the laminae propriae and many were narrowed considerably due to amyloid deposits. Ulcerative lesions, which were accompanied with the ruptured arterioles, were also found. Lymphangiectasia was present in the submucosa, subserosa and mesenterium. The mesenteric lymphatic vessels were deposited markedly with amyloid. The principal cause of the protein loss might be related to the increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins and the exudation through an inflamed mucosa. Functional disruption of the lymphatic flow in the bowel and mesenterium might also participate in the mechanisms of the protein loss. Evidence in this study supports the theory that lymphatic disorders in some patients with gastrointestinal amyloidosis are one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of protein‐losing enteropa

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of myxoma of the breast is reported. The patient, a 19 year old Japanese woman, showed a lump in the left breast which had enlarged gradually over 3 years. A tumor measuring 5 × 5 × 4.5 cm was located mainly in the mammary parenchyma, but partially involved the overlying subcutaneous tissue. Histologically the tumor was multinodular and each nodule consisted of an abundant myxoid substance with a few spindle or stellate mesenchymal cells. The presence of hyaluronic acid was observed in the myxoid area, and a few constituent cells showed Immunoreactivitiesfor S‐100 protein and α1‐antichymotrypsin. Electron microscopic studies revealed that some constituent cells looked like undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, while others showed a differentiation similar to fibroblast or histiocyte. These findings suggest that the constituent cells might derive from totlpotential primitive mesenchymal

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1993.tb02577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY