摘要:

The mucosal immune system is characterized predominantly by the secretory antibody response and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, cellular part of the mucosal immune system. The secretory antibody system depends on local production and selective epithelial transport of secretory IgA and IgM. Furthermore, secretory antibodies and interactions between the intestinal epithelium and T cells are involved in the mucosal down‐regulation of the systemic immune system. Neuropeptides play a crucial role in the regulation of mucosal immune responses. It is possible that impairment of the mucosal immune response contribu tes to the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Until recently, however, mucosal immunity received relatively little attention from both basic and clinical scientists. Further research on mucosal immunity seems to have promise in helping to provide new understanding of the immune mechanisms and pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and systemic disea

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat pituitary tumors induced by synthetic salmon calcitonin (TZ–CT) were studied by the indirect peroxidase‐labeled antibody method, together with ultrastructure and serum hormone measurement. Immunohistochemically, TZ–CT‐induced pituitary tumors showed staining for only rLHα subunit, and were negative for other peptide hormones including GH, PRL, αMSH and ACTH, and the α subunit of glycoprotein hormones. Electron microscopic examination showed that the majority of tumor cells possessed numerous small secretory granules, 100 to 200 nm in diameter. The serum PRL concentrations of rats with TZ–CT induced pituitary tumors were markedly elevated, but not beyond 130 ng/ml. From our data, TZ–CT‐induced pituitary tumors are considered to be endocrinologically inactive and to produce α subunit. Furthermore, these tumors are thought to be potentially useful models of α subunit producing pituitary tumors in humans. This is the first report to document the tumorigenesis of α subunit producing pituitary tumors in rats after long‐term trea

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Morphological features of neurons in human inferior olivary nuclei were studied in 6 autopsied patients with dentato olivary pathway lesions, who had survived for between 6 days and 15 months. Central chromatolysis like neuronal enlargements were already present in the acute cases. Electron microscopy revealed round, homogeneous and electron dense granules, varying in diameter from 0.15 μm to 2.5 μm, occuring frequently within the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the chromatolytic neurons of all 6 patients. No similar granules were observed in 6 controls. The vacuoles were due to dilatation of the rough ER, and often contained floccular materials. Neurofilamentous hyperplasia in the neurons was more frequently seen in the chronic cases. These findings suggest that the fundamental changes in the neurons in olivary hypertrophy occur within the rough E

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pale bodies (PB). HCC containing PBs was seen in 6 (5.7%) of 106 consecutively resected HCC cases. It was of interest that varying degrees of sclerotic change were found in 4 of the 6 cases and a certain correlation between PBs and sclerotic change of HCC tissue was suggested. Histologically, PBs were identified as a pale amorphous substance with a distinct margin and most of PBs occupied the entire cytoplasm of the cancer cells. PBs were practically negative for periodic acid Schiff, and were also negative for phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and orcein stains. Ultrastructurally, PBs were found to be a mass of granular or fibrillar materials having a single‐layered limiting membrane, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticula (rER) were also found in the vicinity of PBs, suggesting the presence of a close relationship between rough endoplasmic reticula and PBs. Most PBs were found to be strongly positive for anti‐fibrinogen antibody and some of them were weakly positive for anti‐albumin, but were solely negative for other antibodies such as anti HBs antigen, anti alpha 1 antitrypsin, and anti ferritin. According to those findings, PBs were thought to be fibrinogens accumulating in cystic rER due to a defective intracellular transport or an excretion distur

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of131I therapy was examined in 13 thyroid glands affected by Graves’disease 3 to 29 years after irradiation for hyperthyroidism. All of the patients had clinically palpable thyroid nodules. Two patients were in a latent hypothyroid, 6 in a euthyroid and 5 in a hyperthyroid state. The microscopic changes in the thyroids showed a pattern of multiple adenomatous nodules with cystic changes, marked oxyphilic cell changes with nuclear atypism and various degrees of chronic thyroiditis. Immunohistochemical staining for TG and T4was negative to mildly positive in these oxyphilic cells and entirely negative for EGF and CEA. The DNA ploidy pattern was diploid pattern in 6 cases. One papillary‐type microcarcinoma occurred, but there was no evidence of a relationship between the tumor and the irradiation. The pathologic findings in Graves’thyroid gland after131I therapy are not specific, but pathologists should differentiate this lesion from adenomatous goiter, which occurs with no apparent cause, or from thyroid carcinoma because of the marked nuclear atypism of this l

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A neonatal case of legionnaires’disease (LD) is reported. A male neonate was admitted to our hospital with high fever and dyspnea, which had started 5 days after birth, and died due to severe pneumonia at 10 days old. An autopsy revealed small areas of granular consolidation scattered diffusely in the bilateral lungs. Microscopic examination of the lungs showed mainly lobularly distributed pneumonia. Extensive exudation of macrophages and neutrophils was observed in the terminal respiratory tract and alveolar spaces. Warthin‐Starry and Gimenez staining and electron microscopy detected many coccobacilli in the cytoplasm of exudated macrophages and neutrophils. Immunofluorescence staining using antiserum againstLegionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, showed a positive reaction. Bacteriological examinations of aspirate from the respiratory tract and autopsied lung tissue confirmed the presence ofLegionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. Extrapulmonary LD was not detected. LD usually affects aged or immunocompromised hosts, but there was no evidence of immune deficiency in this case. Pediatric cases of LD have rarely been reported, and a survey of the literature revealed few neonatal cases. The present case may alert neonatologists and other medical personnel to the possibility of neonatal LD infect

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An autopsy case of Behçet's disease is reported. The patient, a 59 year old Japanese woman, died of intestinal bleeding after a 34 year clinical course of Behçet's disease. She also suffered from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, erythema nodosum like cutaneous lesions and genital ulcerated lesions. Autopsy revealed marked atherosclerosis of the aorta and multiple deep ulcerations in the terminal ileum with no significant vascular lesions. Lewy bodies and globular hyaline inclusions in the neurons of the central nervous system were noted, although there were no clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease throughout the clinical course. These findings appear to suggest that the patient was probably in the preclinical or early stage of Parkinson's disease. However, the presence of Lewy bodies in the 6th decade without any accompanying symptoms is very rare. This case seems to draw attention to the presence of these neuronal inclusions in Behçet's disea

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe a 39‐year‐old man who developed kappa light chain nodular glomerulosclerosis with superimposed conspicuous crescent formation and extensive tubulointerstitial injury. The clinical picture was characterized by nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Incessantly progressive loss of renal function culminated in irreversible renal failure 7 weeks after initial manifestation of renal insufficiency. The patient has since been maintained on thrice weekly hemodialysis with chemotherapy for five years. At the time of pathologic diagnosis by renal biopsy, there was no evidence of multiple myeloma, and no serum M‐component or Bence‐Jones proteinuria was detected. An initial bone marrow aspirate revealed the presence of 0.6% atypical lymphocytes as the sole abnormality, although these were later identified as atypical plasma cells. These cells had also infiltrated the renal interstitium. Crescentic kappa light chain nodular glomerulosclerosis lacking evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulone

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two autopsy cases of sacrococcygeal chordoma which showed sarcomatous components in the primary and metastatic tumors are reported. Case 1 was a 48‐year‐old female who died 9 years after the development of the initial symptoms. Autopsy findings showed metastatic tumors consisted of malignant tumor cells similar to fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Case 2 was a 63‐year‐old male who died 11 years after the development of the initial symptom. At autopsy only sarcomatous tumors resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were observed in the metastatic lesions. Both cases were treated with irradiation. It is suggested that the appearance of sarcomatous tumor in current two cases of chordoma might be due to the phenomenon of tumor progression closely as sociated with irradiation therapy. These two cases can be categorized as “chordoma with a malignant spindle cell component” in a sense that highly malignant sarcomatous components existed in conjunction with chordoma in the pri

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which was initially manifested as a gastric submucosal tumor, is presented. Endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor in the fundic region in a 79‐year‐old Japanese woman. Initial biopsy specimens of the stomach revealed atypical spindle cell proliferation, suggesting primary leiomyosarcoma of the stomach. However, biopsy specimens obtained one year later were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma or malignant histiocytosis of the stomach. Autopsy revealed a large necrotic lesion in the right S8region with metastases in multiple organs. Microscopy demonstrated well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma containing spindle or pleomorphic sarcomatous elements. Metastatic nodules including the gastric tumors all showed sarcomatous elements with no epithelial component. Immunohistochemistry showed positive reactions for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen in areas of carcinoma, whereas most of the sarcomatous elements revealed no positivity for any of the antibodies used, except for focal keratin and EMA positivity in the primary site. This is a rare case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with sarcomatous elements discovered as a gastric tumor at initial diagnosis, resulting from metastasis of the sarcomatous element in the submuc

ISSN:1320-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY