ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1995.tb00467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The compositional approach to phrase structure proposed in Chomsky's ‘Minimalist Program’ paper (1992) can be implemented in various ways. This paper explores the use of Tree Adjoining Grammar (Kroch&Joshi 1985, 1986; Frank 1992,inter alia) as a formal mechanism for syntactic composition and compares it to the operations proposed in Chomsky (1992). The TAG approach avoids the need for distinguishing two modes of phrase structure composition, ‘GT’ and ‘adjunction’, and allows the elimination of the requirement ‘extension requirement’. Further, it permits a purely local interpretation of transformational movement and a simplification of the conception of derivational economy. It also has important consequences for the proper treatment of the binding and scope effects of successive

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1995.tb00468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A number of North Arawak languages show a connection between discourse‐pragmatic properties of constituents and the way they are cross‐referenced on the predicate. Baniwa and Bare have a special cross‐referencing prefix used to mark a focussed subject (A/Sa). In Warekena and Bare cross‐referencing prefixes on the verb may be totally suppressed if the subject (A/Sa) undergoes preverbal fronting as a contrastive focus. This property shows a certain analogy with other languages (e.g., Chamorro), and contributes to an over‐all typology of discourse‐marking devices in the languages o

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1995.tb00469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In this sign‐based (or Form‐Content) analysis, the characteristics of different modal predictions are compared with established models of likelihood; this shows that each modal corresponds to one of three distinct and defined likelihood types: Probability in limited outcome systems (must, shall, should, may, might), Probability in unlimited outcome systems (will, would), and Possibility (can, could). The corresponding physical analogues (in which the characteristics of each likelihood type are mimicked by a path between a ‘starting point’ and a ‘destination’) are then considered and a distinctive path‐analogue for each modal obtained. Since the analogue is then shown to account not only for the modal's non‐predictive and predictive uses but also for its grammatical features (e.g. its ability/ inability to adopt a past form, a hypothetical/conditional form, and different kinds of negation), it is concluded that a direct correspondence exists between the analogues and the information encode

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1995.tb00470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1995.tb00471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY