ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe neostriatum contains a wide variety of neuroactive substances associated with several well‐defined functional neuronal systems. This structure, which is the seat of numerous neurological pathological disorders, is commonly used as a model for studying the basic mechanisms of neurotransmitter interactions in the brain and their putative involvement in striatal functions. Increasing interest has been focusing lately on the cellular interactions that may occur between the corticostriatal putatively glutamatergic system and the nigrostriatal depaminergic input. Current evidence suggests that the activatory corticostriatal glutamatergic input may play a more crucial role in regulating striatal functions than was formely assumed in comparison with the dopaminergic input. The key role of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum may therefore be attributable to the fact that they modulate the glutamatergic transmission to GABA striatal efferent neurons. Likewise, dopamine may actually act indirectly in the striatum by “tuning down” the cortical excitation of striatal neurons. Consequently, an impairment of the dopaminergic transmission such as that occurring in parkinsonism may lead to an increase in the corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission, which may further contribute towards reinforcing the “imbalance” between subsets of striatal neuronal systems controlling the output of the basa

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical characteristics of 20 golfers suffering from golfers' cramp or the “yips” are described. The typical description is that of a middleaged golfer who has played competitive golf since his teens and develops the problem during a tournament in the form of a jerk, spasm, or freezing of movement while putting or chipping, with the rest of the game being relatively unaffected. The problem generally takes a chronic fluctuating course, and a number of trick strategies are partially or fully successful. In this study, the subjects were compared with a matched group of 20 unaffected golfers on a number of indices of psychopathology; no significant differences emerged. The more severely affected golfers also did not differ significantly from the mildly affected ones, except on the subjective report of anxiety. These data support the argument that golfers' cramp is not an anxiety disorder or a neurosis. The important role of anxiety and arousal in its manifestation is, nevertheless, recognized and its pathophysiology speculated u

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTremors in post‐traumatic stress disorders have not been previously well characterized. A 67‐year‐old man has a 46‐year history of a noiseinduced exaggerated startle reflex followed by a large amplitude rest, postural and kinetic tremor that may persist for up to 3 days. This tremor is superimposed on a continuous mild organic postural/kinetic tremor whose electrophysiological characteristics are different from those of the overlying tremor. We attribute the exaggerated startle reflex and the noise‐induced tremor to Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and postulate a psychogenic origin for the noise‐induced tremor. The patient alos believes the noise‐induced tremor to be psychologically based and to be produced by the fear and anxiety he experiences when he hears loud, unexpected noises. The sudden onset of the noise‐induced tremor, its intermittent character, its temporary disappearance on distraction despite the patient's inability to suppress it, inconsistencies in handwriting and figure drawing, and the fact that the noise‐induced tremor is stimulus specific and persists long after the offending stimulus (noise) is no longer present all suggest a tremor of

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA number of studies have reported lower cigarette consumption in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) previous to onset of the disease. In an attempt to determine whether there existed a “premorbid attitude” by patients against the use of socially accepted “drugs,” the premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and coffee consumption habits were compared in 128 PD patients and 256 controls. Patients and controls were selected by case control method and were recruited from the same health area and socioeconomic stratum. In males, the habits of smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day (p<0.001) and drinking more than 50 g/day of alcohol (p<0.001) were significantly less frequent in the PD patients than in the controls, but the differences in coffee consumption were nonsignificant. In females behavior did not differ significantly between the PD group and the controls for any of the three habits. There was no correlation between the amount of smoking and alcohol drinking and age at onset of PD or current Hoehn and Yahr's staging. Our results suggest the existence of a premorbid personality in males with PD, possibly conditioning a restrictive attitude toward the consumption of such toxic substances as tobacco and alcohol, yet a more tolerant attitude toward habits more widely accepted socially, like coffee cons

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrain‐dead patients may exhibit gross spontaneous and reflex movements (e.g., Babinski sign, sterotypic flexion of one or more limbs, and Lazarus sign). We report three brain‐dead patients who had unusual complex sequential movements of the toes. Undulating toe flexion was elicited by noxious stimuli to the lower extremities, and consisted of initial plantar flexion of the great toe, followed by sequential brief plantar flexion of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes. The undulating toe flexion sign differs from previously described responses characterized by plantar flexion of the toes (e.g., Rosselimo's sign and the Mendel‐Bechterew sign) in that it consists of complex patterned sequential movements of the digits rather than brief simultaneous flexion and/or fanning of the toes. Neurologists should be aware of this unusual finding, which should not preclude the diagnosis of brain

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCerebral energy metabolism was studied by positron emission tomography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in five patients with clinical diagnoses of probable corticobasal degeneration. A reduction in glucose consumption was observed in most cortical and subcortical structures compared to agematched controls. The reduction was greatest on the side of the brain contralateral to the most affected limbs, as shown by the significantly lower ratios of contralateral to homolateral metabolic rates, in the temporal and sensorimotor cortex of patients compared to controls. A distinct asymmetry between the two hemispheres could be observed in a patient who was examined twice in the course of his illness. Detection of this asymmetrical decrease in brain cortical and subcortical glucose metabolism may prove useful as additional evidence supporting clinical diagnoses of the disease.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 67‐year‐old man with a family history of parkinsonism had visual complaints due to difficulty in convergence, which was followed 2 years later by development of bradykinesia and rigidity. The diagnosis of Steele Richardson‐Olszewski syndrome was made on the basis of a supranuclear gaze palsy, bradykinesia, rigidity, and poor response to levodopa. However, subsequent neuropathological examination revealed diffuse Lewy body disease with no evidence of neurofibrillary tangles involving either subcortical or brain stem struc

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 59‐year‐old man with a 30‐year history of an unusual movement disorder characterised by involuntary axial spasms that occur only in recumbency is described. Clinical and electrophysiological evidence suggest that this disorder is best characterised as a simple tic of unusual form. We have coined the term “recumbent tic” to describe this

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870070411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY