ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministration of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine in primates induced a parkinsonian syndrome that could be reversed by levodopa treatment. Animals quickly developed an apparent restlessness (“akathisia”) of the lower limbs after as little as five doses. After 4–10 weeks of regular levodopa therapy, animals developed “peak dose” choreiform movements in the lower limbs that spread, with time, to involve the upper limbs and orofacial musculature. With further treatment (5–21 months), animals developed “peak dose” dystonia that variably involved the limbs and orofacial musculature. These conditions represent novel models of levodopa‐induced chorea and dystonia in humans. They depend on the same underlying neuropathology and treatment regimen as their human counterparts. It is to be anticipated that these models of dyskinesia will be useful in determining the mechanisms underlying chorea and dystonia in humans and are ideally suited for experimental evaluation

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐one subjects affected by different movement disorders underwent polygraphic and videotape monitoring during nocturnal sleep, to assess movement patterns during the night. It was possible to distinguish two categories of disorders according to their pattern of movements. In the largest group (Meige's syndrome, blepharospasm, amyotrophic choreoacanthocytosis, Tourette syndrome, tonic foot, hemiballism) abnormal movements were still present during sleep, but decreased in frequency and amplitude in all stages. The second group presented three syndromes (nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, nocturnal myoclonus, restless legs syndrome), in which light nonrapid‐eye‐movement sleep induced a strong activation of abnormal movements, whereas rapid‐eye‐movement sleep suppre

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive patients presenting with focal abnormal involuntary movements of the abdominal wall are described. One was shown to have diaphragmatic flutter, which may represent a variant of the palatal myoclonus syndrome. The other four had writhing movements and contractions of the abdominal wall at frequencies of approximately 30 per minute. In two of the latter cases, these abdominal movements were profoundly influenced by respiratory manoeuvres. They were quite unlike the movements of spinal myoclonus or axial torsion dystonia. None of the patients were taking drugs that might have provoked their abnormal movements, or had any other evidence of neurological deficit. No cause was established in any of the cases.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), supposed to effectively distinguish between endogenous and nonendogenous depression, was performed in a group of 34 patients with Parkinson's disease. Abnormal DST results were observed in 50% of the patients. The patients were clinically divided into subgroups of depressed and nondepressed parkinsonians. Abnormal DST results were significantly more frequent in depressed (75%) than in nondepressed parkinsonians (27.7%).

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe acute effect of intravenous injections of biperiden and clonazepam was investigated in 14 patients with various forms of dystonia (segmental dystonia, 2; generalized dystonia, 6; and Meige's syndrome, 6). Eleven patients had primary dystonia, and 3 patients had a secondary form of dystonia. Doses of 5 mg of biperiden reduced dystonia when evaluated by total scores, global scores, and subjective scores. Two patients had marked side effects in the form of dizziness. Doses of 1 mg of clonazepam significantly reduced total scores and subjective scores, but the reduction in global score was insignificant. No patient had marked side effects following injection with clonazepam. These results correspond with earlier investigations of the longterm effects of anticholinergics and benzodiazepines. It is concluded that in some cases, intravenous injections can be used as a test for evaluating both effects and side effects of antidystonic medication prior to the institution of oral treatment. Long‐term intravenous treatment might be considered in individual case

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectromyographic responses to sudden wrist extension were recorded from the forearm and finger flexor muscles in 10 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and in 10 normal controls. Stretch reflexes were characterized by a short‐latency (SL) and a long‐latency (LL) component both in patients and controls. Latency, duration, and size of the SL component were not different in the two groups, whereas the LL component was delayed in latency and reduced in size in HD patients. Increasing the stretch repetition rate from 0.1 to 0.4 cycles/s did not affect the SL component of either group, whereas the LL stretch reflex was reduced in size and duration in normal controls, but not in HD patients. These findings suggest an impairment of the “gain” mechanisms of the sole LL component, responsible for a desaturation of this component. This study supports the hypothesis that LL stretch reflexes are mediated by a transcortical long loop, possibly damage

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransient parkinsonism associated with alcohol intake and withdrawal has previously been described. We followed‐up three patients with acute alcohol withdrawal‐induced parkinsonism 9–11 years after their initial presentation. None showed any evidence of parkinsonism at follow‐up. This suggests that withdrawal‐induced parkinsonism is caused by a completely reversible abnormality in nigrostriatal dopamine transmission, which is unaccompanied by underlying nigral degeneration, as we had previously hyp

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 25‐year‐old man developed classical hydrophobic rabies 3 months after being bitten on the face. We present his involuntary movements on videotape and discuss the clinical and epidemiological features of rabies. Though rabies is seen in tropical countries commonly and in North America occasionally, recording of the clinical features is r

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEleven patients with cranial dystonia were investigated for diurnal variations in disability by means of video recordings. Disability increased significantly from morning to evening. The increase was not related to changes in vigilance levels assessed by dynamic electroencephalogram. Cranial movement disorders display diurnal fluctuations that are probably related to endogenous circadian rhythms.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870050111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY