摘要:

The fluctuations in the output of an interferometer when one of the mirrors is moved are actually due to a shift in the frequency of the beam reflected from the moving mirror. We describe an experiment which demonstrates unambiguously the existence of such a frequency shift.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241867

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The phase associated with a single mode of the electromagnetic field is complementary to the photon number. This simple idea leads us to construct a probability density for the phase. The phase operator cannot be represented exactly in the usual-infinite Hilbert space but can be constructed in a subspace of it and provides a valid representation of phase if used together with a suitable limiting procedure. We introduce the Hermitian optical phase operator and describe some of its most important properties. We also provide brief discussions of some alternative approaches to the phase problem and to the question of phase measurements. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241868

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper the multibeam reflection in a Fabry-Pérot optically active etalon has been studied in the case of total reflection of one boundary. The formulae for the intensity of the reflected beam are obtained. The mathematical modelling shows that the multiple reflection reinforced by total reflection in optically active isotropic medium increases the intensity of the reflected waves and causes strong effects such as the polarization transformation and the splitting of the interference maxima.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241869

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The principle behind the formation of high resolution live fringe patterns by real-time shearography is presented. It is shown that linear and nonlinear photographic recordings both yield instantaneous fringe patterns which depict the instantaneous surface displacement gradient of the object. However, in theory, nonlinear photographic recording results in lower fringe visibility compared with linear photographic recording. In either case, real-time shearography requires a simple optical setup and eliminates the need for Fourier filtering during fringe read-out. It is also found that the fringe characteristics of real-time and double exposure methods differ by a phase angle of 180 degrees.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241870

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

TheN-fold Bäcklund transforms for degenerate two-photon propagation are studied. Soliton solutions exist which are stationary excitations of the medium without field (frozen solitons). A class of periodic solutions describing an intermediate pulse steepening is discussed. The systematic use of Vandermonde-like determinants proves to be advantageous.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241871

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study is presented of the long-time dynamical behaviour of the degenerate parametric oscillator in the semiclassical and quantum regimes for various initial conditions. It is shown that the eigenstates of the trilinear Hamiltonian lead to the collapse and revival phenomena as well as the novel phenomena of fractional revivals in the photon statistics of the field modes. It is also demonstrated that fractional revivals become more prominent if the pump mode possesses sub-Poissonian statistics.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241872

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The problem of detecting patterns in moved scenes is analysed. The correlation when the input scene presents a relative motion with respect to the recording system image is studied analytically and an original method for detecting patterns by means of a binary joint transform correlator is presented. The method is based on the compensation of the sign errors introduced in the joint power spectrum by the transfer function of the degradation. Two alternatives to determine the sign of the transfer function are demonstrated: the first is based on an algorithm to extract information from the Fourier spectrum of the blurred image and the second method determines the sign errors by post-processing the correlation. Digital simulations and optical results are provided.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241873

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A field propagator, which describes field propagation stemming from a dipole site to a point in the space, is decomposed exactly into two parts: homogeneous and inhomogeneous field propagators. The dipole radiation can be then described separately for both the propagating (homogeneous) waves and the evanescent (inhomogeneous) field. The resulting formulae have been incorporated in a microscopic theory for near-field scanning optical microscopy. Two numerical outputs are presented: (1) separate total, propagating and evanescent intensity distributions near a sample surface (a group of silver spheres on a silver surface); (2) influence of the incident field polarization at the probe tip in reflection near-field scanning optical microscopy. The numerical results are accompanied by discussions regarding the resolution and imaging properties of the microscopy.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241874

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of a short probe laser pulse for state measurements of two-level systems has been proposed by Cook. In previous work we have investigated to what extent this proposal fulfills the projection postulate if ideal photon detectors are considered. For detectors with an overall efficiency of less than 1 complications arise for single systems, and for this case we present a simple criterion for a laser pulse to act as a state measurement and to cause an almost complete state reduction.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241875

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper, we shall examine a generalized version of the Jaynes-Cummings model in which a two-level atom moves in a lossless cavity and is coupled to multichromatic waves with general frequencies and coupling constants. We shall show that both the motion of the atom and the photon conversion between multichromatic waves are dynamically correlated. Using the semiclassical approximations introduced in a previous paper, we obtain the equations which describe the dynamics of this quantum system and discuss the solutions in several special cases. In particular, we point out that the motion of the atom may be controlled by the electromagnetic modes, and vice versa, that is the amplitudes and phases of the electromagnetic fields in the cavity may also be determined by the position of the atom.

ISSN:0950-0340    

DOI:10.1080/09500349708241876

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor