摘要:

There have been many remarkable advances in pediatric nutrition. Solid scientific evidence now supports certain fundamental assumptions long held in the pediatric community. For example, obesity in children has for some time been believed to have adverse health effects; recent large scale studies now confirm relationships between childhood obesity and specific morbidities. Likewise, the beneficial effects of human breast milk on growth and development have been the focus of recent prospective studies of full term and preterm infants. There has been active research in the area of formula intolerance and allergy, allowing practicing physicians to better counsel parents about dietary choices. Although many health problems are caused by the abundance of high fat and high calorie foods in the average US child’s diet, a large number of children remain at risk for hunger in the United States.Other research provides important breakthroughs in our understanding of the impact of pediatric nutrition on lifelong health. Retrospective epidemiological studies have uncovered relationships between prenatal factors and health later in life. These studies have lead to ongoing prospective observational trials that should provide further information about the extent to which certain health factors are determined before birth. In addition, basic science research has revealed previously unknown mechanisms by which essential minerals, such as iron, are transported into the body. In sum, this section reviews exciting new information in the areas of childhood diet quality, obesity, breast milk, formula intolerance, and iron metabolism.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prevention of unintended adolescent pregnancy is a primary goal of the American Academy of Pediatrics and of many health providers. Nevertheless, many adolescents become pregnant every year in America. Pediatricians therefore should be aware of nutritional recommendations for pregnant adolescents to provide optimal care. The importance of nutrition during pregnancy is here reviewed from a pediatric perspective. Pregnancy, particularly during adolescence, is a time of extreme nutritional risk. The adolescents most likely to become pregnant are often those with inadequate nutritional status and unfavorable socio-economic background. There is increasing evidence of competition for nutrients between the growing pregnant adolescent and her fetus. Also, the prenatal environment has been implicated in the development of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in both the mother and her offspring. Many adolescents have poor diet quality and poor knowledge of appropriate nutrition; these habits may not change during pregnancy. Current knowledge and recommendations regarding the intake of energy, calcium, and folate are discussed in detail.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID