ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past decade the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has dramatically increased in adult, adolescent, and pediatric populations in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. There are multiple reasons for this, including the search for natural therapies, curative and ameliorative therapies for chronic illnesses that are unresponsive to conventional therapy, attraction to therapists or alternative modalities suggested by friends, and the autonomy of obtaining unregulated products and services. This review will address recent studies concerning adolescent use of specific CAM therapies for asthma, urinary tract infections, headaches, dietary supplements in athletes, and mental health conditions. Health care providers need to be aware of the CAM therapies their patients are using, the potential side effects, and the possibilities for including effective complementary therapies into the conventional care they provide.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sociocultural influences are known to affect adolescent eating patterns and behaviors. Some teens reject a meat-based diet to become vegetarians; others take up dieting to lose weight or develop an eating disorder. Teens require increased nutrients to provide for the accelerated growth that takes place during these years. Nutritional deficiencies in adolescence can lead to loss of height, osteoporosis, and delayed sexual maturation. Sports also play an important role in many teens’ lives. The desire to excel can lead to increased training and prolonged periods of dieting. Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis describe the “female athlete triad.” Although more frequently seen in girls, boys who participate in sports that have an emphasis on size and weight such as wrestling and body building are also at risk for subclinical eating disorders. This paper discusses issues surrounding restrictive and nonrestrictive food patterns of adolescents and their nutritional consequences.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a significant cause of adult morbidity and mortality, is being diagnosed more frequently in children and adolescents. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors are important determinants for the expression of this disease. Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans are known to be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus as adults and there appears to be increased prevalence of the disease in adolescent members of these groups. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high-fat diet are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A combination of peripheral insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency results in chronic hyperglycemia. The onset of hyperglycemia is usually slow and symptoms such as polyuria and polydipsia are often subtle and may go unrecognized by the patient. The treatment of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an area of active study. Programs targeting diet modification and increased physical activity are being developed in hopes of delaying or preventing the onset of disease. This paper examines risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, reviews diagnostic criteria, and discusses newly established screening criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common behavioral disorders of childhood and is frequently assessed and treated by pediatricians and other primary care physicians. The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is based on the careful synthesis of clinical data derived from multiple sources, notably, the patient, parents, and teachers. Standard behavioral rating scales simplify and standardize collection of clinical data but by themselves are not sufficient for a diagnosis. Recognition and treatment of disorders comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are necessary for optimal outcomes. Psychoeducational testing is useful in the assessment of suspected associated learning disabilities, but there is no evidence at present to support use of psychologic testing, laboratory measures of attention, electroencephalography, or neuroimaging studies in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) involves obsessions and compulsions that cause impairment and distress, and which interfere with children’s developmental adaptation and daily functioning. Furthermore, OCD often disrupts peer and family relationships and school performance and may compromise physical health. Once considered rare, recent epidemiologic studies report prevalence rates ranging from 1% in prepubertal children to 4% in adolescents. In addition, children with OCD are at high risk for comorbid psychopathology. Recent theoretic formulations for OCD encourage the integration of both psychological and biological perspectives. To fully understand the cause and course of OCD, integrated assessment of psychological and biological vulnerability as well as prospective longitudinal studies are needed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Genetic vulnerability, allergic sensitivity, immunological compromise, and psychological stressors all contribute to the onset and severity of asthma. When depression decreases compliance and worsens prognosis, caring for an asthmatic child becomes even more problematic. Early intervention to address comorbid depressive disorders increases compliance, improves outcome, and allows a child to continue to appropriately to meet developmental expectations. In cases of severe asthma, treatment of depression may also decrease mortality.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One of four children in the United States lives in a family in which the child is exposed to alcoholism. Children of alcoholics (COAs) are two to ten times more likely to develop alcoholism than non-COAs. This paper reviews studies that have attempted to identify risk factors that mediate the increased vulnerability and the protective factors that moderate the risk. Factors discussed include parental antisocial personality disorder, externalizing behavior, internalizing symptoms, differential response to the effects of alcohol, and positive and negative alcohol-related expectancies. The heterogeneous nature of COAs is emphasized, and some of the challenges related to treatment and prevention are discussed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID