ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse are at increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems, including running away, substance abuse, suicide attempts, and bulimia. They can suffer from sexual dysfunction, borderline personality disorder, or multiple personality disorder. Physical problems associated with a history of sexual abuse include sexually transmitted diseases and menstrual disorders. Women and girls who are sexually assaulted are more likely to be injured but less likely to be seriously injured if they use self-protective physical and verbal acts. Rape victims are also at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, especially trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Scrotal disorders are common in adolescent males. Although testicular cancer is relatively common in young adulthood and has an excellent prognosis, most adolescents know little about this disorder or about self-examination techniques. Findings of several studies designed to educate young men about testicular self-examination are discussed. Evidence suggests that varicocele affects testicular growth, histology, and function during adolescence; guidelines for management of this commonly encountered disorder are presented. Finally, recent developments in evaluation and management of the acute scrotum, including magnetic resonance imaging, color Doppler ultrasound, and surgical intervention are reviewed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Attempts to measure accurately lean body mass and fat in teenagers have been difficult because of the changes in body density related to puberty. Recent research indicates that the sum of triceps, biceps, subscapular, and iliac skinfolds accurately predict body fat in teenagers. The evidence continues to expand for familial aggregation and genetic influence on development of obesity. Abnormal blood lipid levels in adults are correlated with lipid patterns in adolescents; abnormal lipid levels are those ordinarily associated with increased risk for arteriosclerotic heart disease. Recent innovations in methods for measuring energy expenditure accurately show no difference between obese and nonobese adolescents. Therefore, reduced energy expenditure does not play a role in maintaining obesity. Obese individuals largely gain fat while lean people largely gain lean body mass. Finally, well-controlled, comprehensive weight-reduction programs continue to show short-term success and long-term failure to maintain weight loss.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

With increasing levels of sports participation among adolescents come increasing concerns about the health risks of strenuous training and competition. Recent publications concerning the health problems of adolescent athletes deal primarily with injuries, issues related to training, and strategies for promoting safer participation. Of particular concern regarding injuries are those problems that may occur as a result of physical or skeletal immaturity or problems putting the adolescent at risk for permanent growth disruption or deformity. The pressures and rewards for higher levels of performance have led to training programs that may themselves jeopardize health. These include inappropriate weight-lifting practices and the use of performance-enhancing drugs. Fortunately, there are enough positive and healthy aspects of sports activity to justify the ever-improving strategies for promoting sports safety. These strategies include a prevention-oriented preparticipation examination and more comprehensive treatment of the injuries that do occur.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A preponderance of boys is reported in most groups of short children, particularly those receiving recombinant growth hormone therapy. Growth hormone is accepted as the conventional treatment for short stature due to growth hormone deficiency. The increased availability of growth hormone, as a result of DNA technology, has forced pediatricians to face the clinical and ethical issues of recombinant human growth hormone treatment in short non-growth hormone deficient children. The growth response to recombinant human growth hormone treatment in this group of children has become a central issue in current growth research. No major clinical adverse effects have been reported with a high-dose recombinant human growth hormone regimen (in excess of 2.1 IU/kg/wk) for 2 years. Long-term potential adverse effects are yet to be assessed. Oxandrolone, testosterone, neuroactive drugs (levodopa, bromocriptine, clonidine), and growth hormone-releasing hormone are other treatment options. Attention to the psychosocial aspects of short stature is of critical importance in the treatment of these children.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews the recent advances in our understanding of methylphenidate and its use in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It begins by reviewing the diagnostic issues important in deciding who should be treated with methylphenidate. The two main issues concern the current criteria for diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the impact of comorbid conditions. This is followed by a review of recent literature about the effects of methylphenidate. The primary focus is on some of the effects of the drug on cognition. Lastly, the side effects are reviewed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Once considered a rarity, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome has been documented extensively over the past two decades. This review illustrates the complexities of the syndrome through a wide range of the literature. Current research areas include neurochemistry, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and genetics. The relationship between Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder is also discussed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Attachment theory is now a major influence in developmental psychology. This review gives a brief description of the development of attachment and describes the standardized way it can be assessed using the “Strange Situation.” The most recent research on the development of attachments in children, particularly those who are ill or handicapped, is discussed, and the effects of daycare on children and children's relationships with family and other caregivers are considered. Brief mention is made of recent studies of intervention with children who have abnormal attachments. Finally, the clinical implications of attachment theory for pediatricians are highlighted.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID