ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bronchoscopic examination may be indicated to evaluate various parts of the airway including the larynx, the subglottic region, or the more peripheral aspects of the tracheobronchial tree. The chances of a successful examination may be increased by the appropriate use of sedation. The following article reviews the steps required prior to, during, and after the provision of anesthesia for bronchoscopic examinaiton of the airway. The essentials of the preoperative examination,requiremnts for intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative recovery are discussed. The various agents and techniques available for deep sedation and general anethesia are reviewed

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome is a significant cause of morbidity in children. The mortality rates remain elevated, greater than 50%, and even greater than 80% in patients with underlying malignancies. The therapeutic interventions remain mainly supportive. Strategies of conventional mechanical ventilation are directed toward the use of high positive end-expiratory pressures, low positive inspiratory pressure, and permissive hypercapnia. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation and tracheal insufflation are not yet used extensively, although they should contribute to less aggressive ventilation. Surfactant replacement, nitric oxide inhalation, and partial liquid ventilation seem to be promising technologies, but controlled clinical studies are necessary before their widespread use. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation remains the alternative technology in case of failure of conventional support.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pulmonary mycoses are increasingly encountered in children with underlying diseases associated with immunosuppression, including children with cancaer or HIV infection. Knowledge of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary mycoses can be applied to prevent infection in many cases and to promptly diagnose infections that do occur. Treatment is usually successful if initiated early, although pulmonary aspergillosis and zygomycosis are portentous ailments unless surgical resection or prompt immunologic recovery ensue.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Following a brief presentation of important clinical concepts regarding pulmonary hemorrhage in infants and children, recent reports on secondary and immune-related disorders causing acute pulmonary hemorrhage are reviewed. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is updated noting the compilation of Japanese cases and current treatments. The recent increase in idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in young infants, particularly in Cleveland, is discussed along with management suggestions and an apparent relationship to some sudden infant death syndrome cases.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Smoking prevention during childhood and adolescence is critical to the successful reduction of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. The research literature is replete with surveys describing youth smoking acquisition and related factors. In addition to its direct harm, tobacco use may be a gateway to other substance abuse and a marker of other health-compromising behaviors. The pediatrician can play an important role in prevention by screening all patients and providing individual counseling. The pediatrician can also contribute as a consultant and advocate of school- and community-based smoking prevention efforts. Such a multicomponent approach provides the greatest likelihood of accelerating the decline in smoking and smokeless tobacco initiation.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypertensive crises result from acute elevations in blood pressure. Although uncommon in children, they can be life-threatening and require immediate recognition and treatment to decrease morbidity. The diagnosis is made following complete history and physical assessment, with confirmation of blood pressure elevation using an appropriate-size blood pressure cuff. There are various options for treatment. Some of the more commonly used agents include nitroprusside, diazoxide, hydralazine, labetalol, esmolol, nicardipine, nifedipine, enalaprilat, and minoxidil. Close monitoring of blood pressure during treatment is mandatory to ensure a good outcome.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pediatrician may be called on either as the primary physician or as a consultant to see a suicidal child or adolescent in the emergency department. Psychiatric consultation may not be available immediately. The pediatrician will then play a pivotal role in the evaluation and disposition of the patient. We discuss the epidemiology, initial approach to evaluation, and a rational plan for deciding when it is safe to discharge the patient from the emergency department.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oral trauma continues to be a common pediatric emergency, accounting for 150 emergency room dental consultations per year at Children's Hospital in Boston. Children between the ages of 18 months and 2.5 years and between 8 and 11 years are most at risk. Recent advances in the management of these dental emergencies may help children and their families avoid the psychological and financial cost of infection or loss of primary and permanent teeth. Treatment of avulsions in the young permanent dentition remains a common problem, and a universally accepted approach to its management is still evolving. The use of a doxycycline immersion prior to reimplantation by the dentist may be helpful in preventing external root resorption. As always, the best therapy against dentofacial trauma is the pediatrician's support of preventive measures.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID