ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Advances in the treatment of childhood cancer have come at a remarkable pace, but the search for new treatment strategies remains an urgent one. Brain tumors, the most common childhood solid tumor, are second only to leukemias in overall incidence. In order to develop treatments that improve survival while preserving quality of life for children with brain tumors, a better understanding of brain tumor biology is needed. Tremendous progress has been made in the past several years in the understanding of the machinery of the cell division cycle. This chapter reviews recent insights into the mechanisms controlling cell growth in pediatric brain tumors.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Cerebral dysgeneses are increasingly recognized by modern neuroimaging techniques in association with a large variety of pathologies such as epilepsy, learning disabilities, mental retardation, and some psychiatric disorders. Although the mechanisms of these brain dysmorphogeneses are still mostly unknown, the discovery of genes responsible for cerebral dysgeneses and the analysis of relevant animal models have allowed the identification of a few pathophysiologic pathways. This review focuses on some of these recently described molecular mechanisms of cerebral dysgenesis.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Developmental language disorders exist in 5% to 10% of preschoolers and have strong genetic implications. There are several variants of dysphasia: mixed receptive/expressive, expressive, or higher order language processing. Preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders are dysphasic as well as autistic. Some undergo a language and behavioral regression, most often as toddlers. The role of subclinical epilepsy in this regression is unknown because it is often ignored. Most dysphasic children speak by schoolage but are at substantial risk for reading/academic difficulty. Powerful new techniques to image the brain during language have no place in the routine workshop of children with dysphasia with or without autism.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The developmental epilepsies are distinctive in that they occur in a dynamic and plastic substrate. A variety of acquired insults may present with remarkably similar seizure syndromes that are age‐specific and evolve with time. This evolution may be a consequence of the brain injury itself or an alteration of normal brain maturation due to an unfavorable electrical environment. Idiopathic epilepsies are now being correlated with specific gene defects, particularly those involving ion channels and/or neurotransmitter receptors. Despite this specificity, idiopathic seizure syndromes may be caused by mutations in different genes or different mutations in the same gene, and particular syndromes may manifest heterogeneous clinical seizure types. Not all localization‐dependent epilepsies are symptomatic, as a growing number of genes have been identified with partial seizure syndromes. Febrile seizures probably do not represent a homogeneous entity, but multiple disorders that may be associated with developmental abnormalities and various coexisting seizure types.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Perinatal asphyxia is the most important cause of acute neurologic injury in the newborn and occurs in approximately six per 1000 term live births. After resuscitation of an infant with birth asphyxia, the emphasis has been on supportive therapy; however, there is increasing evidence that a “therapeutic window” exists in the early hours following the insult, and perhaps for longer, when intervention can attenuate activation of the neurotoxic cascade that leads to delayed cell death hours, days or months later.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Atopic (allergic) disorders develop out of a close interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. A unifying attribute underlying these disorders is atopy, defined as the predisposition of those affected to generate IgE antibodies to environmental antigens and to respond with immediate‐type hypersensitivity reactions upon subsequent exposure. Atopy is a heritable trait, and recent studies have identified several genes that engender atopy by increasing either the production of or the responsiveness to IgE. Other genes that contribute to the development of allergic disorders include leukocyte histocompatibility alleles, which specify responsiveness to individual environmental antigens, and disease‐related genes, which promote distinctive aspects of an allergic disorder, such as tissue localization. A model is presented whereby the evolution of specific allergic disorders is predicated on the confluence of predisposing genetic elements, coupled with exposure to environmental triggers.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The incidence of all allergic diseases appears to be on the increase in industrialized societies. The standard methods of diagnosis (food challenge) and therapy (avoidance) for food allergies remain rather primitive, while the incidence of atopy appears to be increasing. However, a number of advances in recent years hold promise for improvement. This review summarizes important studies and concepts in the field of food allergies. Special emphasis is given to the areas of diagnosis and therapy.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the last 30 years, and the clearest evidence for the increase has come from population‐based studies of school‐aged children and young adults. The strongest established risk factors for asthma are family history and sensitization to one or more indoor allergens. Some studies suggest that the increase in asthma has been part of an overall increase in atopic disease. The American data, however, suggest that hay fever was already common in 1960. Thus the primary increase has been in wheezing among allergic children. It seems unlikely that increases in mite, cockroach, and domestic animal allergens have been sufficient to explain the scale or the consistency of the increase in asthma prevalence. The challenge is to identify a change that could have increased inflammation of the lungs or lowered the threshold for wheezing.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID