摘要:

AbstractThe Personal Health Survey (PHS) is a 200‐item inventory that consists of 12 scales of empirically constructed items that relate to symptomatology from the principal psychophysiological supporting systems. The PHS was administered to 730Ss in five clinical groups. Base rates of responding T or F to each item were compared across the five diagnostic groups. The test results were factor analyzed with a principal component method combined with Varimax rotation. The factors were orthogonal. Five main factors were extracted from the overall population and from each of the five subgroups and compared as to item composition. Administration, scoring, interpretation and validation of the empirical and factored scales are discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<262::AID-JCLP2270340203>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmployed the Personal Health Survey (PHS) to study patterns of symptomology related to physical and mental health in a population of 730Ss, which consisted of five subgroups: felons, hospitalized alcoholics, unmarried mothers, college students and institutionalized schizophrenics. The factorial data were analyzed in terms of (a) size of item factor loadings; (b) base rates of responding True to each item; and (c) clinical judgments as to the specificity and meaning of the items and factor scale patterns. Five main factors were extracted: Factor I–General health status; Factor II–Sociopathic character disorders; Factor III–Mixed psychiatric symptoms; Factor IV–Anxiety state with psychosomatic symptoms and general nervousness; and Factor V–Schizop

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<269::AID-JCLP2270340204>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the Personal Health Survey to five different groups: 74 incarcerated felons, 47 hospitalized alcoholics, 172 unmarried mothers, 51 college students, and 386 hospitalized chronic schizophrenics. On 191 of 200 items, the schizophrenics had higher base rates than any other group. Although some groups did not have large enoughNs for statistically adequate factor analyses, factorial studies also were done on the four control groups. Every group studied gave different factor patterns, with different orders of emergence of factors, different item loadings and heterogeneous composition of items. It is concluded that subgroups should be factored independently across time to determine population characteristics because overall population patterns do not make possible more than general predictions about subgroups. Individuals cannot be predicted from either overall or subgroup factorial characteristics.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<276::AID-JCLP2270340205>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFactor analytic research is still in its infancy‐theoretically, methodologically, and interpretively. Definitive research has not yet been done on problems of (a) item design and selection of items suitable for factor analysis; (b) identification of highly significant marker items; (c) tracings of item response distributions across scales, populations, occasions and other relevant variables; (d) determination of the number of items with different loadings necessary to obtain valid scale scores for psychological state measurements; (e) questions about the validity of summating factorially heterogeneous lowly correlated items in arriving at scale scores; (f) the use of clinical judgment to evaluate the possibly differing significances of the same item responses across populations and occasions; i. e., does the same factored item response have the same significance across scales?; (g) how to interpret scales with factorially mixed item compositions; (h) clinical judgment decisions in evaluating and interpreting scale meanings; and (i) the comparison of the results of analyzing data by different scaling methods. This study makes a start toward clarifying these methodological issues by analyzing the results of applying different methods of scale construction that utilized 146,000 item responses made by 730Ss on the Personal Health Survey, a 200‐item inventory designed to measure organ system functioning that contributes to physical and mental hea

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<283::AID-JCLP2270340206>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAssessed the effect of response interference on the word associations of male and female process and reactive schizophrenics in two studies that used the difference in associative disturbances between high and low interference (low and high commonality stimulus words) as the measure. The reactives showed a significantly greater increase in disturbances in the high interference condition than did process schizophrenics in both studies. These results occurred in process and reactive groups that did not differ in age, IQ, institutionalization, and current level of physiological arousal and symptom severity in Study I. Findings supported predictions from a qualitiative differences theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<302::AID-JCLP2270340207>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvaluated Recruit Temperament Survey (RTS) responses and aptitude test scores as potential predictors of psychiatric illness among 1,082 Navy hospital corpsmen. Twenty‐six RTS items discriminated significantly between those corpsmen who became psychiatric casualties during a 4‐year criterion period and those who did not; these items appeared to assess a construct of preservice personal and vocational adjustment. Scores on the aptitude measure were unrelated to illness incidence. The validity of the discriminating RTS items taken in combination for predicting psychiatric hospitalization among corpsmen was 0.28 with a cross‐validity of 0.22. Implications of these findings for the use of measures such as the RTS in psychiatric screening were disc

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<305::AID-JCLP2270340208>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonitored anxiety level by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and Corah's (1969a) dental anxiety scale and evaluated adjustment via behavioral ratings, in 32 female and 31 male dental surgery patients who were presented general or specific information prior to surgery. The findings indicated that dental surgery is a stressful procedure that elicits comparably high levels of state anxiety in males and females. For most patients even those high in dental anxiety, state anxiety level returns to “normal” levels just after the completion of surgery. The dental anxiety scale administered well before surgery is a good predictor of patient anxiety level in the dental situation, especially for males. Females responded to an informational tape received prior to surgery with increased anxiety and were rated as showing poorer overall adjustment in surgery than males. The general and specific information tapes did not differentially affect adjustment, but informational input and related variables such as patient expectancies and prior level of information are factors that need further investigation in terms of their potential relevance for the reduction of patient anxiety and enhancement of patient adjustment during dental proce

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<309::AID-JCLP2270340209>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty‐six coeds who reported fear of snakes on a paper‐and‐pencil fear inven‐tory were exposed to a Physiological Response Test, during which theire lectrodermal and cardiac responses to a neutral stimulus and a caged snake were recorded. Half of these coeds then were exposed to a representative Behavioral Avoidance Test, on the basis of which they were classified as avoidant, as non‐avoidant, or as neither. Those remaining were classified similarly with an Incentive Behavioral Avoidance Test, before which each was offered an incentive for displaying non‐fearfulness. The electrodermal response data showed that students classified as avoidant had not been more responsive to snake confrontation than the students classified as non‐avoidant. The cardiac response data showed that avoidant Ss had been relatively more responsive to the snake cue, but that differential responsiveness was not robust. These results held for both behavioral av

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<313::AID-JCLP2270340210>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompared 11 probationers with a history of psychiatric referral to a randomly selected group of uneployed persons from the State Unemployemnt Office in a number of job interview assessment situations. The probationers were rated as less skillful and also rated themselves as less likely to obtain employment than did the controlSs. After this pretest, the probationers were assigned to one of two treatment groups in which either monetary incentives for job interviews were provided or a skills training program was initiated. Posttest scores indicated that the skills program was most effective in changing behavioral and cognitive responses. These results generalized during the follow‐up period; the skills training group obtained employment more frequently than did the incentive group. Implications for training critical skill deficits are discussed in terms of a response acquistion mode

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<320::AID-JCLP2270340211>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previous factor analysis of delusional properties, scord from verbatim typescripts of interviews held with 32 schizophrenic patients, had generated four interpretable factors. The present study considered the meaning of these qualitative factors in terms of their relationships to four types of information potentially important to understanding the development or maintenance of delusions – sex gender, intelligence, chronicity, and type of delusion (e. g., persecution, grandeur). The possible contribution of factorial structure to understanding delusional behavior was indicated by the number of relationships found between these factors and the independent variable

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197804)34:2<326::AID-JCLP2270340212>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY