摘要:

AbstractCovariance studies of objective depression measures have concentrated on total scores. This approach is relatively insensitive in specifying whether these instruments measure the same sub‐aspects of depression. To investigate this question, a factor analysis was performed on the items of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale and lists A, B, C, and D of the Lubin Depression Adjective Check Lists.Ss were 91 college students and 29 correctional institution inmates. Four clearly interpretable multimeasure factors resulted from a Varimax rotation. The most salient factor was labeled „Depression: Affective Malaise.”︁ Earlier studies also have shown this to be a dominant and reliable dimension of depression. The other factors were: „Suicidal Ambivalence,”︁ „Appetite‐Weight Loss,”︁ and „Fatigability.”︁ Females showed greater Fatigability associated with depression. Factors specific to the Beck and Zung measures also were found, which suggests that the different emphases of these instruments, intensity/severity vs. frequency of symptoms, may contribute very specific depression indicators. This may indicate that both intensity and frequency of symptoms ought to be considered to obtain a „best”

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::AID-JCLP2270330402>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of reading emiotionally loaded statements on behavioral tasks and physiological measures were investigated. Statements were constructed to arouse elation depression, or neutrality.Ss were both pre‐ and posttested on Writing Speed, Reaction Time, Decision Time, and Spontaneous Verbaliza‐tions. Base rates were obtained for heart rate and galvanic skin response. ElationSs significantly outperformed both Neutral and Depression Ss on the Reaction Time task. Scores for Neutral Ss fell between those of Elation and DepressionSs on three of the four behavioral measures. No significant differences were found on the physiological measu

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<936::AID-JCLP2270330403>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFactor analysis of items from the psychiatric portion of the Cornell Medical Index (CMI) was performed to determine the empirical symptom dimensions in a sample of 1682 normal adult males. Six factors were extracted and interpreted as Irritability, Inability to Cope, Depression, Timidity, Normal Anxiety, and Clinical Anxiety. The factors showed some correspondence to the clinical groupings in the CMI and to factors discovered in other studies. While all showed small positive correlations with a measure of Neuroticism, the consistency of these results argues against the hypothesis that the CMI M‐R sections measure only a unitary factor of neurotic complaining. Some modifications in the CMI are recommended that could enbance its utility as a diagnostic or personality instrumen

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<941::AID-JCLP2270330404>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychotherapy research literature suggests that maladjustment and self disclosure patterns are related. Male psychiatric patients (23‐37 years) were selected according to a stratified random sampling procedure with conditions forSs: (a) who actually have engaged in maladaptive antisocial aggression (N= 41); (b) who exhibited aggressive impulses, urges, or fantaies (N= 111); and (c) who served as patient (N= 105) and non‐patient (N= 137) controls. Results of this study supported the prediction that those patients who actually engaged in maladaptive antisocial aggression employed fewer outlets for self‐disclosure than any of the other patient or non‐patient grouings. Clinical implications that concerned the actual range of an individual's outlets for intimacy as predictive of maladaptive antisocial aggression in male adults were di

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<947::AID-JCLP2270330405>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite increasing recognition of the early importance of peer relations, virtually no systematic information exists on the way in which normal children view their emotionally disturbed peers. This paper reports a replication of recent findings on children's use of the concept of emotional disturbance.Ss were 40 fourth and sixth graders. Five vignettes that described one normal and four emotionally disturbed boys were read to individualSs, who were interviewed about their understanding of the central figures (CFs). Interviews were coded to a 5‐point scale of degree of perceived emotional disturbance. Earlier findings were replicated to a remarkable degree.Ss differentiated among the CFs in a manner congruent with clinician judges' ratings. Grade differences indicate the differential attention to and valuing of specific behaviors, rather than global differences in perception of emotional disturbanc

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<949::AID-JCLP2270330406>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvaluated 55 mentally retarded psychotic adults with the Color‐Form Preference Test, a developmentally based index of cognitive style, and other measures of intellectual, social, and psychiatric functioning. Results indicated that different grades of retardation were associated with distinct cognitive styles, which showed a systematic progression that corresponded to the normal developmental sequence. In contrast, no significant relationships were observed between cognitive style and psychotic manifestations. The findings suggested that fresh insights into mental retardation and psychosis are made possible by qualitative, developmental assessment. The implications for clinical application, theory formulation, and research were discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<953::AID-JCLP2270330407>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied individuals who manifested a sphere dominance of either „motoric,”︁ „somato‐affective,”︁ or „ideational”︁ by identifying, respectively, commensurate social role orientations of „turning against others,”︁ „turning against the self,”︁ and „avoidance of others.”︁ Sixty undergraduates were seleted from a larger group of 450 via a screening device.Ss who manifested psychopathology were discarded, and smaller groups of 5 each were formed (ages ranged from 18 to 24). These groups were: motoric males, motoric females, somato‐affective males, somato‐affective females, ideational males and ideational females. All groups were given a Rorschach, which was scored genetically, as well as an intelligence test. The results indicate that the fifferent spheres of dominance can be observed in normal people by genetic Rorschach interpretation. Individuals who manifest the somato‐affective sphere were seen as developmentally inferior to the ideational sphere, as was that of the motoric sphere. No relationship was fo

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<959::AID-JCLP2270330408>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the MMPI and elements of a neuropsychological assessment battery to 40 violent and 40 nonviolent adolescent males (M = 14.6 years). Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between groups on neuropsychological tests, but not on the MMPI. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the neuropsychological assessment had greater power to predict group membership of violent and nonviolentSs than did the MMPI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that organic impairment contributes to the impulse dyscontrol and associated violent behavior seen in some delinquent adolescents.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<966::AID-JCLP2270330409>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo equivalent forms of four standardized tests were administered to 41 schizophrenics, 36 patients with personality disorder diagnoses, and 36 employees at the Wyoming State Hospital. Each diagnostic group was divided into experimental and control groups; the experimentalSs from each diagnostic group took the second form of each test under paired, competitive conditions. The competitive conditions did not affect the experimentalSs' performance on any of the four tests to an acceptably significant level, although the experimentalSs from each diagnostic group performed better on a visual‐motor task at a borderline level of significance. The results of the research are interpreted as supporting previous competition research that showed competitive conditions to be highly task‐specific. The results do not support the numerous theories and some research studies that suggest that competitive conditions impair schizophrenic function

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<970::AID-JCLP2270330410>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn actuarial program for psychiatric diagnosis is evaluated for agreement with final clinical diagnosis in a series of 288 patients. The actuarial program provides a probability differential diagnosis based on an analysis of history and background data, symptom rating profiles, and MMPI clinical scale profiles. The observed agreement with final clinical diagnosis is approximately 50% higher than previously reported for psychological testing in this same setting. The results emphasize the importance for psychologists of clinical interview and observation skills.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<973::AID-JCLP2270330411>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY