摘要:

AbstractTwo studies of conceptual rule‐learning by 36 hospitalized psychiatric patients revealed that (a) while all were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic, they differed widely in their ability to discover abstract rules; (b) the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) strongly predicted the patients' ability to learn and to apply a conceptual rule; and (c) regardless of severity of conceptual impairment, the patients were unaffected by modest levels of externally generated irrelevant information as presented through the modality of vision. Deficits in abstractive ability, when they exist, are believed to be due to a schizophrenic patient's inability to prevent task‐irrelevant information that originates in long‐term memory from spilling into and despoiling the operations of working m

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<324::AID-JCLP2270330202>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined conceptual rule learning (RL) deficit in male schizophrenicSs categorized into three groups as defined by Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST).Ss were administered a conjunctive, disjunctive, conditional or biconditional rule learning task, WIST, and Shipley‐Hartford Memory Scale. It was shown that: (a) the WIST reliably differentiates among three levels of thought disorder as reflected by a deficit in interproblem transfer of rule learning; (b) certain WIST and Shipley parameters reliably predict RL performance; and (c) phenothiazine dosage levels show no influence on the WIST and no correlation with RL. The findings indicate that cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenics is evidenced by limited inductive reasoning, insufficient channel capacity for filtering out irrelevant information, and inability to gain from antecedent RL experience. Principal locus of schizophrenic thought disorder is examined within a stimulus encoding‐information processing parad

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<335::AID-JCLP2270330203>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiosocial and behavioral data on 287 obese females (168 of whom belonged to 9 successful groups and 119 of whom belonged to 8 unsuccessful groups) were collected by means of the Rating of Self Status (ROSS) scale to determine the distinguishing characteristics of (a) successful vs. unsuccessful groups; and (b) successful vs. unsuccessful individuals regardless of their group membership. Factor analysis of ROSS data identified 24 separate variables. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) that compared successful with unsuccessful groups resulted in differences that were not significant (p= 0.30). Subsequent MANOVA that contrasted remediably and irremediably obese persons, regardless of their group membership, yielded highly significant (p<0.001) overall results and significant differences (ps ranged from 0.10 to 0.001) on 10 of the 24 ROSS factors.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<343::AID-JCLP2270330204>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is the latest in a series that deals with psychological factors connected with obesity and its management in women members of the TOPS (“Take Off Pounds Sensibly”) organization. Successful weight losers have MMPI profiles that differ from those of non‐losers, and both show “normalization” of MMPI profiles and improvement in weight control after 16 weeks of group therapy. The present investigation attempted to assess the effectiveness of different types of nonprofessional “therapy” (the interactions of members at local TOPS chapter meetings) in helping members to achieve greater weight control. Nineteen TOPS chapter meetings were rated on 18 scales descriptive of member interaction, leader behavior, stress on nutrition, exercise, psychological factors in weight control, group and individual attitudes toward each other and toward the TOPS organization, and the like. Twelve of 18 scales showed significant interjudge reliability, and for 10 chapters on which complete data were available (N= 108) 5 of these 12 scales significantly differentiated relatively successful from unsuccessful chapters. Those 5 were “attitudinal” or “interactional” variables such as emotional concern and enthusiasm rather than “content” or “procedural” variables such as emphasis on diet or exercis

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<351::AID-JCLP2270330205>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to determine whether a factor‐analytic approach, as opposed to a simple correlational approach, might identify more successfully the personality factors related to hypnotizability. The Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and a marijuana usage questionnaire were administered anonymously to 119Ss. Two of nine rotated factors were found to be related to hypnotizability. The first factor was that of general intelligence. The second factor was composed of the variables of affectothymia, shrewdness, and psychasthenia. In addition, a regression equation was developed to predict hypnotizability from scores on the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire. Implications were discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<356::AID-JCLP2270330206>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe internal struggle hypothesis of suicidal behavior suggests that suicidal individuals wish both to die and to live. To test this hypothesis, separate self‐ratings of the Wish to Die and the Wish to Live were obtained from 64 women and 42 men hospitalized for suicide attempts. The dependent variable was the severity of suicidal intent assessed by a quantitative instrument. The results indicate that 50% of the sample experienced internal debates over death and life, 40% wanted to die, and 9% wanted to live. Internal struggle over the issues of death and life was related to lower suicidal intent scores than a unidirectional motivation toward death. It also appeared that the actual magnitudes of death and life wishes were not as crucial to suicidal intent as the degree of congruence between them. However, two‐way analysis of variance yielded only a significant Wish to Die main effect. The discussion centers on the heterogeneity of the sample's motivational stance and the therapeutic and empirical usefulness of the scales to identify ambivalent and nonambivalent patie

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<361::AID-JCLP2270330207>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the acquisition of affective and neutral words in a paired‐associate list by chronic schizophrenics and normals. Ten paired associates in which stimulus terms were nonsense syllables and response terms were words (five affective and five neutral) were learned by 30 chronic schizophrenics (15 male, 15 female) and 30 normals (15 male, 15 female) according to the anticipation procedure. The schizophrenics learned significantly fewer affective words than neutral words, while normals learned an equal number of affective and neutral words. This effect, however, progressively diminished throughout trials for the schizophrenics such that no differences were observed in the final trial for the two types of response words. These results are discussed in terms of habituation of an anxiety response evoked by the affective word

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<366::AID-JCLP2270330208>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey that assessed dating behavior and dating problems was administered to 90 male and 105 female students at a large American university. Data were analyzed in terms of differences in college class, sex, and dating frequency. There were few differences in reported behaviors or problems across college class. In contrast, there were substantial differences between male and female students and between high‐ and low‐frequency daters. The results were discussed in terms of current literature and recommendations for future resea

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<369::AID-JCLP2270330209>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSchizophrenic and alcoholicSs judged stimulus durations of 0.50 and 0.55 seconds. Stimulus was 1, 3 or 5 dark dots and was preceded by variable fore‐period duration of 1, 3 or 5 seconds. Judgment of stimulus duration was found to be a monotonically increasing function of both foreperiod duration and numerosity of dots. When pitch of sound, which functioned as a warning signal, was correlated with numerosity of dots, the monotonic relation between numerosity of dots and estimation of stimulus duration was eliminated for alcoholics, but not for schizophrenics, only when foreperiod duration was constant from trial to trial. The effect of prior information as to numerosity of dots was negligible for both schizophrenics and alcoholics when foreperiod duration was variable from trial to tria

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<376::AID-JCLP2270330210>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcess and reactive schizophrenicSs judged stimulus durations of 0.50 and 0.55 seconds. Stimulus was 1, 3 or 5 dark dots and was preceded by variable foreperiod duration of 1, 3, or 5 seconds. Judgment of stimulus duration was found to be a monotonically increasing function of foreperiod duration. When pitch of the auditory warning signal was correlated with foreperiod duration so that it functioned as prior time information, such monotonic function was eliminated for process schizophrenies only when the numerosity of dots was constant from trial to trial. The effect of prior time information that concerned foreperiod duration was negligible for both process and reactive schizophrenics when the numerosity of dots was variable from trial to trial. Uniqueness of process schizophrenia was shown to be associated with prior time uncertainty reduction of foreperiod duration in the context of minimal event uncertainty of stimulus.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<381::AID-JCLP2270330211>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY