摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the hypothesis that intrasubtest scatter on the WAIS‐R is a measure of fluctuations in attention/concentration. Thirty‐two chronic schizophrenic inpatient were administered the WAIS‐R, the Mini‐Mental State Examination, an attention task battery, and the Psychotic Inpatient Profile. Intrasubtest scatter correlated significantly with some attention measures. However, scatter was correlated more highly with cognitive aspects of mental status, Freedom from Distractibility, and observed psychotic behavior. Thus, intrasubtest scatter in this population appears to reflect a broader measure of the integrity of “cognitive state” and not merely a clinical indication of attention/concentrati

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<327::AID-JCLP2270470302>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred two subjects provided locus of control, coping style, psychological symptom, and related information. While locus of control and other predictors were related individually to reports of symptomatology, multiple regressions showed only direct coping strategies and lower reported perceptions of stressfulness as consistently predicting reduced symptom reporting; they generally predicted 25 to 35% of the variance in symptomatology. Direct coping, in turn, was found to be predicted strongly by the combination of increased age, perceptions of the controllability of situations, and an internal locus of control. Older subjects reported fewer attributions to chance locus of control, more direct coping, and less symptomatology, which suggests a possible developmental trend toward better adjustment in these relatively young adults.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<336::AID-JCLP2270470303>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of coping strategies as moderators in the relationship between hassles and psychological/physical well‐being was investigated in a Japanese sample (N= 107). Multiple regression analyses revealed that active‐behavioral coping contributed to a negative prediction of depression after partialing out hassles' levels. Emotion‐focused coping and avoidance provided significant predictions of physical symptoms, whereas problem‐focused coping significantly contributed a negative prediction. The results indicated that active‐behavioral and problem‐focused coping were moderators, while emotion‐focused coping and avoidance were enhancers in the stress‐sympto

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<346::AID-JCLP2270470304>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explored effect of age on encoding, retention, and retrieval components of memory functioning in a sample of 156 healthy, elderly subjects between the ages of 57 and 85, partitioned into four age groups. Memory assessment was based on subjects' performance on the RAVLT, which consisted of five free‐recall trials, recall after interference, and recognition trial. Significant group differences in recall were found on all five learning trials, whereas rates of learning, forgetting, and recognition did not differ for four age groups. In addition, primacy/recency effect was equally strong for all groups. Results suggest faulty retrieval mechanisms, whereas encoding and retention processes did not prove to be affected by agin

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<351::AID-JCLP2270470305>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt recently has been suggested that obsessive‐compulsive personality characteristics may predispose people to become obese. In addition, it has been suggested that dieting may increase the frequency of thoughts about food and its consumption. The present study compared a group of 50 obese weight‐loss patients to 50 normal weight adults on personality‐related O‐C characteristics and food and eating‐related cognitions. Results supported the notion that obese weight‐loss patients tend to be obsessed with food. There was no evidence that traditional O‐C personality measures are related to obesity. These results suggest that effortful inhibition of appetitive behaviors may have adverse cognitive

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<358::AID-JCLP2270470306>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated whether depressed students suffer from a deficit in interpersonal problem‐solving and attempted to specify the hypothesized deficit using a qualitative analysis of problem‐solving strategies. Twenty depressed students were compared with 20 nondepressed controls with respect to the strategies they developed on a Situation Specific Problem‐Solving Inventory. Results supported the hypothesis of a problem‐solving deficit in depressed students. Although depressed students seemed to have an adequate definition of the problem and the target, they showed a significant lack of action‐oriented s

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<361::AID-JCLP2270470307>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an initial investigation of the psychometric properties of a new clinical marital communication assessment instrument, the Clinician Rating of Adult Communication (CRAC). The sample consisted of 36 marital communication samples from both maritally satisfied and distressed couples. Reliability results indicated that the CRAC demonstrated high levels of internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and interrater agreement. Support for the validity of the CRAC was found in its correspondence with a marital interaction coding system, its relationship to ratings of marital satisfaction, and its concordance with couples' perceptions of their conflict management behavior. Overall, these findings support the conclusion that the CRAC may provide a useful addition to the measurement armamentarium of the marital clinician and researche

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<368::AID-JCLP2270470308>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (C‐BDI) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary‐school students, along with other measures of psychological well‐being. While C‐BDI scores were found to correlate significantly with all other measures of psychological well‐being for the various samples, the results showed that they correlated most strongly with the Depression factor of the Chinese General Health Questionnaire. The Depression factor of the Chinese GHQ was observed to be most predictive of C‐BDI scores. These data are generally consistent with the empirical data on the relationship between the BDI and other measures of psychological well‐being; the claim that the BDI is more a measure of “general psychopathology” is not supported by the

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<381::AID-JCLP2270470309>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study concerned the evaluation of personality traits associated with sexual dysfunctions. The MMPI was used as a psychodiagnostic tool in male subjects (N= 37) with erectile disorder or premature ejaculation. The results tend to support some clinical observations based upon the cognitive‐behavioral approach and some neurophvsioloeical dat

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<391::AID-JCLP2270470310>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study examined the construct‐related validity of a 13‐item short form of the Marlowe‐Crowne Social Desirability Scale advanced by Reynolds (1982), using the validity scales of the MMPI. With a sample of 481 Basic Military Trainees, the short form of the Marlowe‐Crowne replicated the correlations between the standard Marlowe‐Crowne and the MMPI validity scales initially reported by Crowne and Marlowe (1960). The results further support the short form of the Marlow‐Crowne Social Desirability Scale as an economical measure of social d

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<396::AID-JCLP2270470311>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY