摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the effects of discrete brain lesions on MMPI performance in well‐matched samples of patients with anterior and posterior injuries. Because of the nature of the samples and careful matching for potentially confounding variables, particular emphasis could be given to the study of brainbehavior relationships. Patients with posterior lesions produced a significantly more abnormal composite MMPI profile, had a consistent tendency to produce elevated (70+) individual MMPI scales, and had individual profiles that were universally rated as abnormal using standard criteria. The differential MMPI patterns exhibited by these two samples were compatible with traditionally held clinical hypotheses with regard to distinct personality differences secondary to focal lesions in the caudal plane. It is our conclusion that lesion caudality does have a differential effect upon MMPI performance when factors such as cognitive, motor, and sensory defects are controlled adequately. The implications are that this effect is locus specific and is not necessarily related to the degree of other neurobehavioral impairment, as has been hypothesized previousl

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<468::AID-JCLP2270380302>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTested diagnostic classifications of child psychopathology produced by a computerized technique known as multidimensional actuarial classification (MAC) against the criterion of expert psychological opinion. The MAC program applies series of statistical decision rules to assess the importance of and relationships among several dimensions of classification, i.e., intellectual functioning, academic achievement, adaptive behavior, and social and behavioral adjustment, to perform differential diagnosis of children's mental retardation, specific learning disabilities, behavioral and emotional disturbance, possible communication or perceptual‐motor impairment, and academic under‐ and overachievement in reading and mathematics. Classifications rendered by MAC are compared to those offered by two expert child psychologists for cases of 73 children referred for psychological services. Experts' agreement with MAC was significant for all classification areas, as was MAC's agreement with the experts held as a conjoint reference standard. Whereas the experts' agreement with MAC averaged 86.0% above chance, their agreement with one another averaged 76.5% above chance. Implications of the findings are explored and potential advantages of the systems‐actuarial approach are disc

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<477::AID-JCLP2270380303>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDivided schizophrenics into reactive and process groups (20 males and 20 females in each group) on the basis of three criteria: Premorbid adjustment, role orientation, and paranoid‐nonparanoid status. All were administered the Defense Mechanism Inventory, which measures five clusters of defenses. Reactives had significantly higher scores than process patients on Turning against Self and Projection. Process patients had significantly higher scores on Reversal. No significant differences between groups were found on Turning against Object and Principalization, nor were there significant sex differences. The results support the probability of different defensive preferences for the reactive and process syndrome

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<486::AID-JCLP2270380304>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the Halstead‐Reitan Battery (HRB) of neuropsychological tests to 24 patients with advanced renal failure, 24 patients with neurological disorders, and 24 patients with medical and/or non‐psychotic psychiatric conditions in order to assess the effects of uremic encephalopathy on human neuropsychological functioning. The groups did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or level of affective disturbance. Results indicated that the uremic and neurological groups were equal in overall level of neuropsychological impairment and that both were significantly more impaired than the medical‐psychiatric group. However, the uremic group showed a pattern of deficits that was qualitatively different from both the neurological and medical‐psychiatric groups. Results were discussed with reference to selective cortical dysfunctions in uremia and contrasted with earlier studies that did not consider differential sparing of abilities in renal p

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<490::AID-JCLP2270380305>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐one parents estimated when their own child and an “average” child would attain a number of different developmental milestones. These milestones and the accompanying normative data were derived from the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (Doll, 1965). Parents were divided into three groups on the basis of a prior history of child abuse, child neglect, or no previous background of abuse or neglect. Results indicate that both the abuse and neglect groups differed from the comparison group when absolute difference scores from the normative data were analyzed. When directionality of scores were analyzed (i.e., too high or too low expectations for the child), no differences were found among the groups. Implications of an educational deficit model of unrealistic parental expectations were disc

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<497::AID-JCLP2270380306>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the effects of psychologically preparing patients for minor gynaecological surgery. A total of 59 women who were undergoing elective laporoscopy were assigned randomly to three experimental conditions: Preparation, in which an informative preoperative interview was conducted; placebo, in which a reassuring preoperative interview was held; and control, in which no contact was made prior to surgery. The women were assessed postoperatively in terms of pain, anxiety and attitudes and required to complete a follow‐up questionnaire that followed a 3‐week interval, which assessed subjective report of recovery rate. The results showed similar levels of pain report for all groups, although significantly fewer prepared patients requested postoperative analgesia. No differences in pain reports emerged at follow‐up, although there was a tread for prepared patients to report a more rapid return to full health. The results are considered in the context of explanatory models that have been proposed to account for the effects of psychological prepar

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<504::AID-JCLP2270380307>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined the effectiveness of specific psychoeducational tutoring methods on achievement in reading, self‐esteem, auding, and verbal language.Ss (N= 132) were youths and adults reading below fifth level who volunteered to participate in an adult tutorial project. After the assessment of entry level achievement,Ss received psychoeducational tutoring. Comparison of pre‐ with posttest scores indicated thatSs made significant improvement in reading, self‐esteem, auding, and verbal language. Pretest scores were related most strongly to posttest scores. Initial verbal language scores were related significantly to posttest reading and auding scores. The study also tested the adequacy of a developmental reading model for adult illiterates. Auding and verbal language scores exceeded reading scores, as theorized. Further research is needed to determine whether gains in achievement continue and whether low intellectual levels or specific language disabilities are contributing to the low levels of reading, auding, and verbal lan

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<513::AID-JCLP2270380308>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasured oxygen consumption, tidal volume, respiration rate, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure before theSs (N= 39) learned Transcendental Meditation (TM:N= 21) or Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation (PR:N= 18).Ss were tested immediately after learning either technique and again 5, 10, and 15 weeks later. While there were no significant differences between groups for any of the physiological variables at pretest, the TM group displayed more significant decreases during meditation and during activity than did the PR group. Both groups displayed significantly lowered metabolic rates during TM or PR. The generally more significant and comprehensive results for mediatators were explained primarily in terms of the greater amount of time the TM group spent on their technique, plus the differences in the two techniques themselves. Several avenues for future research are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<522::AID-JCLP2270380309>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDescribed five cases (4 out‐ and 1 inpatient) in which biofeedback was employed as treatment. Emphasis was placed on the history of the problem, the amount of biofeedback training, and the individual patient's response to treatment. Several suggestions for routine clinical practice and future work were offere

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<530::AID-JCLP2270380310>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the classroom teacher's ability to identify which students are at‐risk for future school failure and how students so identified differ from their most able classmates. The intelligence, academic ability, and cognitive and affective competence of 337 Grade Six students, aged 11 to 13, were assessed with standard group measures. Two hundred and eighty‐four of these students had been identified previously by their teachers as being at‐risk for failure to cope with Grade Seven because of a history of problems in school. The remaining 53 had been selected by their teachers as the most able students in their classes. Correlations between the teachers' ratings and standard measures of intelligence, cognitive ability, anxiety, self‐concept, and academic achievement were all highly significant, as were correlations between these ratings and grades earned the following year in high school. Discriminant Analysis generated a function that separated the groups with 95.6% accuracy. The at‐risk students, although of normal intelligence, were significantly less intellectually, cognitively and academically able, were more anxious, and had lower self

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<540::AID-JCLP2270380311>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY