摘要:

AbstractFactorial findings on the Personal Development Study (PDS) were reported in an overall population of 972Ss in four diagnostic subgroups. The general results indicate that several mechanisms were extracted factorially. Five overall factors were identified, but their item contents and meanings were not identical with the postulated empirical factors. Large subgroup variability occurred in the nature of factors identified, in the order of factor appearance, in the size of item loadings, and in the clinical meanings of item clusters. One conclusion is that the factorial structure of psychological states is very complex and changes constantly under different conditions and situations.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<604::AID-JCLP2270330302>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReported the results of a factor analytic study of the Personal Development Study (PDS). The PDS was administered for research purposes to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 institutionalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 388 chronic schizophrenics. A principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation performed on the combined populations (N= 972) yielded five main factors labeled asprojection, optimism‐responsibility, reaction and symptom formation, repressive‐compulsive, and intropunitiveness‐guilt.Analysis of base rates of responding to the individual items revealed that the four populations ranged along a continuum, with the normals at one extreme and the institutionalized schizophrenics at the other extreme of greater pathological respo

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<609::AID-JCLP2270330303>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Personal Development Study (PDS) was administered to four diagnostic groups, which included 89 hospitalized alcoholics, 336 unmarried mothers, 159 college students, and 387 chronic institutionalized schizophrenics. The PDS data from the four groups were factor analyzed separately by Varimax rotation of principal component factors. Cluster analysis methods were used to compare the separate diagnostic group factors with the overall factors previously reported by Pishkin and Thorne (1977). Only a few close fits of the diagnostic group factors showed large differences in item composition, order of emergence of factors and size of loadings between groups. Because many items and factors could be interpreted in terms of several alternative theoretical systems, interpretations were based on the clinical meanings of items and clusters in terms of integration theory (Thorne, 1976).

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<618::AID-JCLP2270330304>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated Concept Identification (CI) performance and hypothesis behavior of 100 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic and matched normalSs as functions of motor‐cognitive, personality‐perceptual, and psychomotor speed parametcrs of rigidity. The CI task was designed to test the effects of five levels of information complexity and to examine 10 categories of hypothesis strategies utilized in conceptual problem solving. It was found that normals were superior to schizophrenics in CI and that schizophrenics performed more poorly than normals at higher complexity levels. Normals were markedly less rigid on themotor‐cognitivedimension than were schizophrenics. Correlational analysis revealed a number of reliable relationships between the three rigidity measures and the 10 hypothesis categories. Some insight was gained about the role of rigidity in utilization of effective strategies in problem solving; thepsychomotor speedfactor emerged as the best predictor of schizophrenics' hypothesis beh

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<625::AID-JCLP2270330305>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVariations in responsivity to primary, secondary asocial and interpersonal rewards and punishments between major schizophrenic subgroups were investigated in a probability learning study. The subgroups compared were process and reactive, paranoid and nonparanoid, long‐ and short‐hospitalization, and long‐ and short‐length of illness schizophrenics. No evidence of differential responsivity to these reward‐punishment/modality combinations appeared between high and low scorers on any of the four schizophrenic subgrouping dimensions. The groups then were matched closely so that the effects of each individual difference measure could be evaluated independently of the other three. Again, no significant differences in responsiveness to the reinforcement/modality combinations appeared. The results do not support the view that any of the four dimensions relate to differential responsiveness to primary, secondary asocial or verbal reward or punishment‐at least on relatively s

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<630::AID-JCLP2270330306>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifficulty of picture and word recognition was manipulated to test the hypothesis that schizophrenics have adequate recognition memories and to determine whether overinclusion is related to a good visual recognition memory. Good and poor premorbid, acute and chronic schizophrenics were compared to nonpsychotic psychiatric patients and to hospital aides. Both Payne's Object Classification Test and Goldstein‐Scheerer's Object Sorting Test were given to all the patients, but only the former differentiated among the diagnostic subgroups and was related to good picture memory. When the measures of overinclusion, chronicity, premorbidity and intelligence were used as independent variables in a multiple regression, only Payne NonA predicted success on the picture task. Good premorbid schizophrenics recognized pictures as well as normals and nonpsychotics, but poor premorbids' picture memory was significantly worse. No experimental variable predicted word performance in a multiple regression, and good premorbids did not differ from poor premorbids on their word recognition. The authors favored the interpretation that the pattern of performance of overinclusive schizophrenics reflects their tendency to scan broadly both important and unimportant features of stimul

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<635::AID-JCLP2270330307>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecognition memory is one of the few areas of cognition in schizophrenia in which deficit has not been found. Such a finding has important theoretical implications for the understanding of schizophrenia. However, past studies in this area have been experimentally deficient. This paper presents a study of recognition in long‐term episodic memory in schizophrenia in which previous findings of no deficit were replicated. The nature of the cognitive deficit in schizophrenia is discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<643::AID-JCLP2270330308>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interrater reliabilities of the 12 scales of the psychotic Inpatient Profile (PIP) were assessed in three independent samples. These reliabilities were found to be consistently low for the three samples. Several possible sources of low reliability were investigated, and evidence to support the hypothesis that consistent rater biases might have contributed to this low reliability was found. The authors make several suggestions of ways to improve PIP's reliability.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<647::AID-JCLP2270330309>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships among depression, hostility, and locus of control were investigated in 58 clinic outpatients. Depth of depression was correlated positively with both covert hostility and external control, while external control correlated with covert hostility. Analysis of subscales on the hostility inventory indicated that overt forms of hostility were unrelated to depression, while the subscales of guilt, resentment, irritability, and suspicion were related positively (r= 0.50,p<0.005). Partial correlations suggested that the relationship between depression and external control may depend on the presence of resentment and irritability and that a combination of these covert factors with external control commonly is found in depression.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<654::AID-JCLP2270330310>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective assessment of thought disorder in schizophrenia is problem matic in clinical psychology. Recently and individually administered instrument (WIST) was introduced as a brief, objective, and quantitative measure of schizophrenic thought processes. Possible shortcomings of the WIST are noted; experimental findings that concern extension to group testing conditions, convergent validity with another self‐report measure of schizophrenia, and discriminant validity from intellectual level are presente

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<658::AID-JCLP2270330311>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY