摘要:

AbstractThis article highlights trends that show the influence of age, education, IQ, gender, and alcohol abuse on Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRB) performance. These factors must be considered as possible competing hypotheses that might account for a patient's HRB performance. HRB scores among normal, community‐living persons can resemble scores of individuals with known neuropsychological impairment due only to the effects of these variables. Accordingly, when clinical neuropsychologists use “levels of current performance” or research based “cut‐off score” methods to make inferences about the adequacy of brain function, appropriate comparison norms must be used to minimize the likelihood of false‐positive errors. This paper summarizes and provides references to some of these comparison norms. Additionally, robust estimates of premorbid ability are essential when one is making neuropsychological inferences. Such estimates can be obtained from nationally standardized measures of intellectual ability found on most grade and high school transcripts, as well as Scholastic Aptitude Test, military, and related aptitude test scores, plus the individual's social and occup

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<484::AID-JCLP2270450402>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<512::AID-JCLP2270450403>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour of the most influential psychological explanations for the development of anxiety attribute it to (1) repressed awareness of undesirable emotions; (2) the emergence of unacceptable feelings from the unconscious; (3) adherence to irrational, self‐defeating philosophies; and (4) perceived helplessness/lack of control over one's affairs. To test these theories, the authors administered the Trait Anxiety, Denial, Irrational Beliefs, and Locus of Control scales to 190 psychiatric inpatients. Appropriate zero‐order, attenuation‐corrected, multiple, and partial correlations were run. Denial was correlated negatively with Trait Anxiety; this is consistent with the view that awareness of unpleasant emotions generates anxiety, but does not support the claim that it is the result of repression. The correlations of Trait Anxiety with the Irrational Beliefs scale were substantial. However, its relationships with Locus of Control were limited and nonsignificant after the effects of the Denial and Irrational Beliefs scales were removed statistically. The findings lend support to the positions that anxiety results from selfdefeating philosophies and/or the emergence of unpleasant thoughts about oneself, but give only modest support to the “perceived helplessness” hypothesis and seem to contradict the “excessive repression

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<513::AID-JCLP2270450404>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships of high‐point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to theDiagnostic and statistical manual IIIof the American Psychiatric Association (DSM‐III) were explored for public hospital patients (N= 448). Nineteen DIPS code types that relate code types to Axis I diagnoses are prepared. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Eight of the personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM‐III Axis II categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code types is

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<521::AID-JCLP2270450405>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHostility and depression were examined in male psychiatric patients who exhibited either assaultive (n= 40) or suicide‐attempting behavior (n= 20). Both groups were compared to a sample of nonviolent males (n= 22) to provide a basis for interpreting the absolute as well as relative magnitude of these variables in relation to their violent behavior. Both suicide‐attempting and assaultive patients were characterized by high levels of hostility and depression, as evidenced by significantly higher scores than those of the nonviolent group on almost all indices. Assaultive subjects evidenced relatively greater overt expression, frankly assaultive impulses, and verbalized anger and hostility. Suicide‐attempting subjects tended to experience anger and hostility in a more intropunitive and covert manner and displayed higher levels of guilt and depression. Covariance analyses indicated that anger and depression contributed separately to the affective configuration of the assaultive and suicide‐attempting

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<531::AID-JCLP2270450406>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA correlational study that included 82 male inpatient alcoholics was conducted to determine the clinical meaning of the Keane PTSD Scale of the MMPI. The PTSD Scale was correlated with the variables of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, the Life Purpose Questionnaire, the Existential Depression Test, and the standard MMPI measures, plus the A, R, Es and MacAndrew Scales. The pattern of correlations suggested that the PTSD scale measures general psychological maladjustment and dysphoric feelings rather than any specifiable syndrome. The strong correlation with the Welch A, which measures a general level of maladjustment, suggests that the PTSD and Welch A scales are measuring the same factor. The PTSD scale, therefore, appears to provide very little information about this population beyond that available from the overall clinical profile and the Welch A scale.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<542::AID-JCLP2270450407>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study addresses two issues: treatment changes on the MCMI of Vietnam veterans with PTSD and test‐retest reliability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Fifty Vietnam veterans carefully were identified for the diagnosis Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They were admitted to a Special PTSD Treatment Unit that consisted of an intense 5‐week period with the focus on the revivified Vietnam experience. They also were given the MCMI at two points in time, treatment inception and 35 days later at discharge. Results show that 17 of 20 scales on the MCMI changed in the negative direction as a result of treatment. Also, the MCMI has adequate test‐retest reliability, and the personality scales (with the exception of Borderline) have higher reliability coefficients than do symptom scales. The use of the MCMI is encourged both as a monitor of treatment for these veterans and for its st

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<547::AID-JCLP2270450408>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractItem‐level factor studies of the MMPI date back to the work of Comrey (1957). Surprisingly, there are no extant studies of the items that clinicians use most in the course of daily MMPI interpretive reporting, namely, the 399 × 399 matrix that represents all of the items that comprise the traditional clinical and validity scales. Furthermore, there are no prior studies with adequateNsthat have examined the replicability of MMPI factor structure via available factor comparison techniques (Harman, 1976). In this study, 20,000 MMPIs were factored by the principal components method, followed by Varimax rotations of 6 through 25 factors. The coefficient of congruence was used to compare the factor structures of randomly divided subsamples, as well as males vs. females and Blacks vs. Whites. Differences in factor structure were found, and suggestions are made with regard to the significance of these findings in clinical and applied settin

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<553::AID-JCLP2270450409>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo methods of grouping MMPI scales were employed with 271 patients who were attending a Back Clinic at a university hospital. One method involved clinically derived decision rules, while the other utilized a multivariate clustering procedure. Five subgroups of patients were identified with each method. Both procedures showed subgroup differences in terms of pretreatment pain intensity, activity limitations, McGill affective scores, and physician ratings of degree of functional impairment; the elevated subgroups showed more dysfunction. Follow‐up comparisons revealed that, regardless of the classification procedure used, the elevated subgroups showed poorer response to treatment. Only the clinically derived groupings had significant differences in chronicity of pain and total scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. On the other hand, only the statistically based system showed significant differences on age and marital status. Furthermore, only the statistical system identified subgroups of male patients that predicted follow‐up pain intensity decreases in a manner that indicated clinical usefuln

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<560::AID-JCLP2270450410>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the external validity of the MMPI Personality Disorder (PD) scales. Patients diagnosed with personality disorders (n= 23), according to a structured interview, were contrasted with medical control subjects and psychiatric patients with no personality disorder (n= 33). The MMPI PDscales could discriminate patients with any personality disorder and patients with specific clusters of personality disorders. Convergent validity was demonstrated by high correlations between the MMPI PDscales and the comparable Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory scales, as well as the number of DSM‐III personality disorder symptoms. This study represents a preliminary step in the external validation of the MMPI PDscale

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<570::AID-JCLP2270450411>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY