摘要:

AbstractEighty‐seven men with testis cancer (TC) and 35 men with other cancers (OC) completed measures of mood (Profile of Mood States) and of personality and psychopathology (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory). Effects of primary disease, phase of diagnosis and treatment, locoregional vs. cytotoxic treatment, age, and marital status on these measures were examined. TC patients appeared more distressed during treatment, particularly during cytotoxic as compared to locoregional treatment, than before or after treatment, and more distressed than OC patients. Being married appeared to buffer the stress of cancer and its treatment. Although treatment, particularly cytotoxic therapy, appeared to result in transient distress, results did not offer strong evidence that cancer and its treatment typically precipitate severe psychopatholog

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<551::AID-JCLP2270460502>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined how coping styles relate to attributional styles and how the two interact in relation to depression. One hundred seventy‐six subjects completed the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Problem‐focused coping correlated with stable and global attributions for positive events for men. Emotion‐focused coping correlated with internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events for women and internal and global attributions for men. Correlations between depression and attributions as predicted by the reformulated model of helplessness were significant only for women. These results indicate that research on attributional styles should analyze all data separately by gender. While the results show that both coping and attributions accounted for some of the variance in depression for females, coping contributed considerably more unique variance than attribu

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<557::AID-JCLP2270460503>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing leads by Maslow (1964, 1968) and others who described peak experiences, this study was designed to learn more about the (1) subjective effects; (2) after‐effects; and (3) interpretations of intense positive and negative experiences. Comparisons were made between respondents' “most positive” and “most negative” experiences and between these positive experiences and those of members of a yoga ashram. It was found that except for the differences in affect, positive and negative experiences were similar in subjective effects and impact on later life. The most positive experience of most respondents fell short of peak experience as described by Maslow. On the other hand, the most positive experience of ashram respondents showed evidence of a genuine alternation of consciousness and lasting life change afterward. The results suggest that only in rare instances is therapeutic change or self‐actualization initiated by peak experiences. Implications ar

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<565::AID-JCLP2270460504>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship with college students (N= 142) between Type A characteristics, as measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and the personality traits measured by the revised California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Significant differences between As and Bs were found on 18 of the 23 CPI traits. Overall, results suggested that the JAS Competitiveness subscale measured adaptive, while the Type A and Speed and Impatience subscales measured maladaptive, characteristics. Furthermore, the thematic deficit associated with the maladaptive Type A characteristics was a lowered sense of integration. Recent explanations of Type A behavior, including those that focus on anger and cognitive appraisals, have not considered this possible lack of integration as a maladaptive aspect of the Type A pattern.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<573::AID-JCLP2270460505>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEscape nightmares (recurrent nightmares about re‐escaping ex‐homeland) were studied via a 79‐item questionnaire administered to 83 Czechoslovak refugees who were living in Switzerland. The key features of the nightmare were not related significantly to the refugees' age, gender, occupation, or educational level. Further analyses dealt with mutual relationships of the various reported aspects of the escape nightmares. The reports of dreaming about arrival in the ex‐homeland by a “mistake,” such as boarding a wrong airplane (i.e., a Freudian parapraxis), were associated with higher levels of (subsequent) dream anxiety, with waking up due to mounting dream tension, and with the dreamer not knowing at first upon awakening whether he was now in the free world o

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<581::AID-JCLP2270460506>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the contributions of demographic variables, antepartum depressive symptoms, and sources of stress to level of postpartum depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and demographic data sheet were administered to 69 women during the eighth month of pregnancy. One month after delivery, subjects completed the post‐delivery questionnaire and BDI. A stratified hierarchical regression analysis revealed that marital status, antepartum depressive symptoms, and difficulty of pregnancy predicted level of postpartum depression. Somatic stressors of pregnancy may trigger depressive symptoms that persist after childbirth, particularly in unmarried mother

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<588::AID-JCLP2270460507>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStress levels, coping style, and problem solving ability among bulimic and anorexic individuals were explored. Bulimics (n= 33) reported a greater number of negative life events and feelings of being pressured than did a non‐eating‐disordered group. Anorexics (n= 12) reported higher levels of anxiety and depression than the other groups. Both anorexics and bulimics reported higher levels of stress, lower levels of confidence in their ability to solve problems, a tendency to avoid confronting problems, a reluctance to share personal problems, and feelings of being driven. Implications are sugges

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<592::AID-JCLP2270460508>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe correlations of the Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank (1984) MMPI PTSD scale with DSM‐III‐based post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom, section, and factor score ratings, and with combat history, were studied to determine what aspects of the disturbance it measures (N= 61). The scale's correlations with the various symptom criteria were both substantial and strikingly consistent. However, its relationships with trauma history measures were modest and frequently nonsignificant. The data suggest that the scale is a moderately strong measure of the various PTSD symptoms, but is related only weakly to trauma hi

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<600::AID-JCLP2270460509>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis was conducted to identify the major personality disorder score profiles to be found in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II. Application of Ward's agglomerative hierarchical procedure to two subsamples of psychiatric patients (n= 83 for each) yielded four replicated subgroups. A subsequent K‐means nonhierarchical approach confirmed four of the Ward clusters. Three subgroups can be characterized as (a) Antisocial, Aggressive (Sadistic), and Passive‐Aggressive; (b) Avoidant, Schizoid, and Self‐Defeating, and (c) Schizoid, Dependent, and Compulsive. A fourth sizable group is comprised of patients with flat pro

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<606::AID-JCLP2270460510>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the factor structure of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) for a sample (N= 60), which consisted largely of personality disordered outpatients. Results are integrated with previous studies to identify the underlying MCMI dimensions across differing psychiatric populations. Three principal axis Varimax rotated factors emerged from the current study: affectively charged general maladjustment; impulsive acting‐out style; and psychotically tinged isolation. Comparison with results of previous studies that involved four diverse samples indicated a large amount of stability for scales that load on the first factor. Factor two shows much less consistency across the five studies, but frequent reappearance of the drug abuse and other acting‐out scales suggests a general dimension that reflects acting‐out substance abuse. Across studies the third factor shows even more inconsistency, although there is some evidence for a social detachment pa

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199009)46:5<613::AID-JCLP2270460511>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY